Potentially Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Pavlík, I.; Falkinham, Joseph O.; Kazda, J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9413-2_3

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…MAP is an extremely persistent pathogen that can survive within the livestock environment (i.e., water, faeces and soil) for long periods [4] , [5] . While bacilli from these environmental sources may pose some risk to humans, the main source of transmission from animals to humans is more likely to be via contaminated milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Zoonotic Potential of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis through Comparative Genomics

et al. 2011

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A comparative genomics approach was utilised to compare the genomes of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from early onset paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients as well as Johne's diseased animals. Draft genome sequences were produced for MAP isolates derived from four CD patients, one ulcerative colitis (UC) patient, and two non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) control individuals using Illumina sequencing, complemented by comparative genome hybridisation (CGH). MAP isolates derived from two bovine and one ovine host were also subjected to whole genome sequencing and CGH. All seven human derived MAP isolates were highly genetically similar and clustered together with one bovine type isolate following phylogenetic analysis. Three other sequenced isolates (including the reference bovine derived isolate K10) were genetically distinct. The human isolates contained two large tandem duplications, the organisations of which were confirmed by PCR. Designated vGI-17 and vGI-18 these duplications spanned 63 and 109 open reading frames, respectively. PCR screening of over 30 additional MAP isolates (3 human derived, 27 animal derived and one environmental isolate) confirmed that vGI-17 and vGI-18 are common across many isolates. Quantitative real-time PCR of vGI-17 demonstrated that the proportion of cells containing the vGI-17 duplication varied between 0.01 to 15% amongst isolates with human isolates containing a higher proportion of vGI-17 compared to most animal isolates. These findings suggest these duplications are transient genomic rearrangements. We hypothesise that the over-representation of vGI-17 in human derived MAP strains may enhance their ability to infect or persist within a human host by increasing genome redundancy and conferring crude regulation of protein expression across biologically important regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type I MAP strains predominantly infect ovine hosts, whilst Type II principally infect bovine hosts. Type III MAP has been isolated from both ovine, bovine and caprine sources [4] . Previous genetic investigations have shown MAP strains isolated from humans cluster with strains of bovine origin [19] , [22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Zoonotic Potential of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis through Comparative Genomics

et al. 2011

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“…Fish mycobacteriosis, caused mainly by M. marinum and M. chelonae , is also a source of mycobacterial infection for humans (Bartralot, Pujol, Garcia‐Patos, Sitjas, Martín‐Casabona, Coll, Alomar & Castells 2000; Pavlik, Falkinham & Kazda 2009; Tigges, Bauer, Hochauf & Meurer 2009). The severity of human infection depends on the immune status and may result in dermal acral ‘fish tank granuloma’ or systemic infection (Hanau, Leaf, Soeiro, Weiss & Pollack 1994; Bartralot et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and distribution of granulomatous inflammation in freshwater ornamental fish infected with mycobacteria

Novotny

Halouzka

Mátlová

et al. 2010

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Mycobacteriosis in fish is a chronic progressive ubiquitous disease caused by Mycobacterium marinum, M. gordonae and M. fortuitum in most cases. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and distribution of lesions in 322 freshwater ornamental fish across 36 species. Granulomatous inflammation was diagnosed by gross examination and histopathology testing in 188 fish (58.4%); acid-fast rods (AFR) were determined in only 96 (51.1%) fish from 19 species after Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The most often affected organs with AFR were the kidney (81.2%), digestive tract (54.1%), liver (48.2%), spleen (45.9%) and skin (21.2%); sporadically, AFR were found in the branchiae (9.4%) and gonads (4.7%). In 14 randomly selected fish originating from four different fish tanks, the distribution of mycobacterial infection was studied by culture examination of the skin, gills, muscle tissue, digestive tract, liver, spleen and kidney. In 12 fish, the species M. marinum, M. gordonae, M. fortuitum, M. triviale, and M. avium subsp. hominissuis (serotypes 6 and 8 and genotype IS901- and IS1245+) were detected; mixed infection caused by different mycobacterial species was documented in five of them.

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“…No available literature mentions nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and speleotherapy although NTM are emerging causative agent of mycobacterioses in humans and animals. Dust with bacteria and other microorganisms is commonly accumulated in spider's webs, which could be a significant source of humans' and animals' pathogens including mycobacteria [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Current research demonstrated NTM in different matrices also in karst caves [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Aerosol and Spiders’ Webs in Karst Caves: Low Risk for Speleotherapy

et al. 2021

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A total of 152 aerosol and spider web samples were collected: 96 spider’s webs in karst areas in 4 European countries (Czech Republic, France, Italy, and Slovakia), specifically from the surface environment (n = 44), photic zones of caves (n = 26), and inside (aphotic zones) of caves (n = 26), 56 Particulate Matter (PM) samples from the Sloupsko-Sosuvsky Cave System (speleotherapy facility; n = 21) and from aerosol collected from the nearby city of Brno (n = 35) in the Czech Republic. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were isolated from 13 (13.5%) spider’s webs: 5 isolates of saprophytic NTM (Mycobacterium gordonae, M. kumamotonense, M. terrae, and M. terrae complex) and 6 isolates of potentially pathogenic NTM (M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, M. peregrinum and M. triplex). NTM were not isolated from PM collected from cave with the speleotherapy facility although mycobacterial DNA was detected in 8 (14.3%) samples. Temperature (8.2 °C, range 8.0–8.4 °C) and relative humidity (94.7%, range 93.6–96.6%) of air in this cave were relatively constant. The average PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration was 5.49 µg m−3 and 11.1 µg m−3. Analysed anions (i.e., F−, Cl−, NO2−, SO42−, PO43− and NO3−) originating largely from the burning of wood and coal for residential heating in nearby villages in the surrounding area. The air in the caves with speleotherapy facilities should be monitored with respect to NTM, PM and anions to ensure a safe environment.

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Potentially Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Cited by 8 publications

References 267 publications

Exploring the Zoonotic Potential of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis through Comparative Genomics

Exploring the Zoonotic Potential of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis through Comparative Genomics

Morphology and distribution of granulomatous inflammation in freshwater ornamental fish infected with mycobacteria

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Aerosol and Spiders’ Webs in Karst Caves: Low Risk for Speleotherapy

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