Potentially Bioactive Metabolites from Pineapple Waste Extracts and Their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities by 1H NMR

Abstract

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) waste is a promising source of metabolites for therapeutics, functional foods, and cosmeceutical applications. This study strives to characterize the complete metabolite profiles of a variety of MD2 pineapple waste extracts. Metabolomics strategies were utilized to identify bioactive metabolites of this variety prepared with different solvent ratios. Each pineapple waste extract was first screened for total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The highest TPC was found in all samples of the peel, crown, and core extracted using a 50% ethanol ratio, even though the results were fairly significant than those obtained for other ethanol ratios. Additionally, crown extracted with a 100% ethanol ratio demonstrated the highest potency in DPPH and NO scavenging activity, with IC 50 values of 296.31 and 338.52 µg/mL, respectively. Peel extracted with 100% ethanol exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 92.95 µg/mL. Then, the extracts were analyzed and the data from 1 H NMR were processed using multivariate data analysis. A partial least squares and correlogram plot suggested that 3-methylglutaric acid, threonine, valine, and α-linolenic acid were the main contributors to the antioxidant activities, whereas epicatechin was responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Relative quantification further supported that 100% crown extract was among the extracts that possessed the most abundant potential metabolites. The present study demonstrated that the crown and peel parts of MD2 pineapple extracted with 100% ethanol are potentially natural sources of antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors, respectively.

High-fat diet-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats attenuated by peel extract of Ananas comosus fruit via atheroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions

“…Concurrent treatment with PEAC produced higher activity of CAT in the serum and brain of HFD-fed rats, which indicates the ability of PEAC to scavenge ROS or protect the SOD/CAT system that eliminates superoxide radicals. Extract of pineapple peel have shown presence of phenolic compounds like ferulic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin, syringic acid [ 33 ]. The protection observed after PEAC treatment of HFD-fed rats suggested a therapeutic impact on HFD-induced metabolic disruption via the normalization of ROS.…”

“…It is reported that the solvent extracts of the various parts of A. comosus exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiobesity, uterotonic, and anti-inflammatory properties [ [30] , [31] , [32] ]. Fresh pineapple is rich in bromelain, a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components like phosphatase, glucosidase, peroxidase, cellulase, and several protease inhibitors [ 33 ]. The fruit is becoming a favorable fruit in dyslipidemia and obesity with potential in diminishing the severity of cardiovascular syndromes as a result of potent anti-inflammatory bromelain content [ 32 , 34 ].…”

Metabolite Characterization and Correlations with Antioxidant and Wound Healing Properties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaflets via 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach

“…Nevertheless, the data with regard to the secondary metabolites present in OPL are still considered limited. The peak assignment for signals in the 1D spectra were achieved based on comparisons with literature data [21,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and freely available online databases, including the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Database (NMRDB) [46], Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) [47], and PubChem [48]. Basically, 3 regions of chemical importance were visually analyzed in the 1 H-NMR spectra of OPL extracts prepared at different extraction solvent, viz., high-field (0.9-3.50 ppm), middle-field (3.50-5.45 ppm) and low-field regions (6.0-8.2 ppm).…”

Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fruit Peels

“…For these reasons, there is an urgent need to find uses for these food wastes, including fruit peel wastes. Some fruit peels have been recycled into products ranging from agricultural compost, biofuel, and citric acid [3]. However, fruit peels also…”

“…For these reasons, there is an urgent need to find uses for these food wastes, including fruit peel wastes. Some fruit peels have been recycled into products ranging from agricultural compost, biofuel, and citric acid [ 3 ]. However, fruit peels also provide an excellent source of carbohydrates, fibre, proteins, and phytochemicals, particularly phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacities [ 4 ].…”