Potentialities of Dandelion (Taraxacum Mongolicum Hand.‐Mazz.) Flower Extracts on Gastric Protection against Helicobacter Pylori and Characterization of its Bioactive Constituents

Abstract

Objectives: Dandelion has been shown to exert anti‐inflammatory and anti‐bacterial effects. Our study aimed to identify the effect and mechanism of dandelion flower extracts on H. pylori‐induced gastritis and screen for novel antimicrobial substances. Methods: Anti‐H. pylori activities of water extracts(WEDF) and ethanol extracts (EEDF) of dandelion flowers were performed with disk diffusion method assay, MIC, and MBC. The H. pylori‐induced model was constructed to examine the gastroprotective of EEDF using RUT, pathological analysis, and ELISA. Results: EEDF exhibited better anti‐ H. pylori and urease inhibition activities than WEDF. In vivo studies, EEDF can reduce the adhesion of H. pylori to the gastric mucosa, alleviate gastric damage, and concurrently reduce the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in gastric tissues. The six phenolic compounds showed urease inhibition effect (IC50: 2.99 ± 0.15 to 66.08 ± 6.46 mmol/mL). Among them, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin also had anti‐H. pylori activity (MIC: 64 ‐ 256 μg/mL). Conclusion: EEDF exhibited anti‐H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects. Chicoric acid and luteolin may be the main active compounds of dandelion flowers to exert anti‐H. pylori, and worthy of further investigation.