Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides

Abstract

Domestically produced biofuels may help to reduce dependence on imported oil for powering transportation and infrastructure in the future. In this report, we reacted medium-chain and long-chain fatty anhydrides (capric, caprylic, lauric, and palmitic) with furfuraldehyde by the Perkin condensation to produce 2-n-alkenylfurans. In the second step, the 2-n-alkenylfurans were hydrogenated to form 2-n-alkyltetrahydrofurans. Basic fuel property testing (melting point, density, kinematic viscosity, derived cetane number, and calorific value) of the 2-nalkyltetrahydrofurans indicates they are potentially useful as fuels for diesel engines. The mixture composed of 2-octyl-and 2-decyltetrahydrofuran had the best combination of fuel properties including a low melting point (−39 C), high cetane number (63.1), high flash point (98.2 C), and low viscosity (2.26 mm 2 s −1 , 40 C), which compares favorably with specifications for diesel #2 and biodiesel.

Conversion of Oleic Acid into Azelaic and Pelargonic Acid by a Chemo-Enzymatic Route

“…In the 1 H NMR spectrum, the triplet of the CH 2 groups linked to the CO-O-CO moiety is at 2.44 ppm, a little more deshielded than the triplet of the CH 2 beside COOH in compounds 2 and 3 and in the anhydride itself, occurring at 2.35 ppm. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of anhydride 12 are not known in the literature, and the spectroscopic data of lauric anhydride reported in [37] were used as reference data.…”

Catalysis Preparation of Biodiesel from Waste Schisandra chinensis Seed Oil with the Ionic Liquid Immobilized in a Magnetic Catalyst: Fe3O4@SiO2@[C4mim]HSO4

“…Triglycerides cannot meet the work requirements of power equipment, , and they can be made into biodiesel. Biodiesel is a green energy source with a high cetane number (63.1) , that is flammable, renewable, has a low sulfur content, a high flash point (98.2 °C), low viscosity (2.26 mm (2) s (−1), 40 °C), and low combustion residual carbon. , Biodiesel could effectively reduce the consumption of petrochemical resources. The preparation of biodiesel is accomplished by catalytic esterification. , The main catalysts used for preparing biodiesel by esterification are homogeneous catalysts, such as inorganic acids and bases, and heterogeneous catalysts, for example, molecular sieve catalysts, solid acids, and solid bases .…”

“…12 Triglycerides cannot meet the work requirements of power equipment, 13,14 and they can be made into biodiesel. Biodiesel is a green energy source with a high cetane number (63.1) 15,16 that is flammable, renewable, has a low sulfur content, a high flash point (98.2 °C), low viscosity (2.26 mm (2) s (−1), 40 °C), 17 combustion residual carbon. 18,19 Biodiesel could effectively reduce the consumption of petrochemical resources.…”