Potential Value of Conventional Ultrasound in Estimation of Bone Age in Patients from Birth to Near Adulthood

Wan, Jie; Zhao, Ying; Feng, Qunqun; Sun, Ziyan; Zhang, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.07.681

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The US-based skeletal maturity score method developed by Wan et al [ 22 , 26 , 43 ] provides interesting results. Measurements at the wrist and knee allowed them to reach values corresponding to the chronological age of healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the field of auxology is currently studying sonography, focusing on two different techniques. Ultrasound imaging of bone structure relies on the production of images through high multi-frequency linear transducers that allow one to visualize the composition of growth areas, e.g., the presence of cartilage or ossification centers [ 21 , 22 ]. Imaging of bone anatomy allows the direct visualization of the bony epiphyses and, furthermore, the monitoring of the closing of the growth plate, a crucial diagnostic element for bone maturity estimation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the authors’ perspective, there exist several US imaging assessment methods applied for different purposes and in different domains. The age range covered by these assessments differs from one study to the other (birth to adulthood [ 22 ]). A common method does not seem to exist, and the need for bone maturity estimation through US in youth sports is still present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound Imaging-Based Methods for Assessing Biological Maturity during Adolescence and Possible Application in Youth Sport: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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Bone maturity is an indicator for estimating the biological maturity of an individual. During adolescence, individuals show heterogeneous growth rates, and thus, differences in biological maturity should be considered in talent identification and development. Radiography of the left hand and wrist is considered the gold standard of biological maturity estimation. The use of ultrasound imaging (US) may be advantageous; however, its validity and reliability are under discussion. The aims of this scoping review are (1) to summarize the different methods for estimating biological maturity by US imaging in adolescents, (2) to obtain an overview of the level of validity and reliability of the methods, and (3) to point out the practicability and usefulness of ultrasound imaging in the field of youth sports. The search included articles published up to November 2022. The inclusion criteria stipulated that participants had to fall within the age range of 8 to 23 years and be free of bone disease and fractures in the region of interest. Nine body regions were investigated, while the hand and wrist were most commonly analyzed. US assessment methods were usually based on the estimation of a bone maturity stage, rather than a decimal bone age. Furthermore, 70% of the assessments were evaluated as applicable, 10% expressed restraint about implementation, and 20% were evaluated as not applicable. When tested, inter- and intra-rater reliability was high to excellent. Despite the absence of ionization, low costs, fast assessment, and accessibility, none of the US assessments could be referred to as a gold standard. If further development succeeds, its application has the potential to incorporate biological age into selection processes. This would allow for more equal opportunities in talent selection and thus make talent development fairer and more efficient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound Imaging-Based Methods for Assessing Biological Maturity during Adolescence and Possible Application in Youth Sport: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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“…In our study, the maturity of bone was considered as a process of the ossification ratio developed from 0% to 100%. The ultrasonic bone age was evaluated quantitatively based on such continuous growth process of bones 9,10 . However, in radiographic bone age evaluation, the continuous developing process of bone was arbitrarily divided into several levels or stages both in the Greulich‐Pyle method 1 and in the TW method 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Age Evaluated With Conventional Ultrasound

Zhao

Wan

et al. 2022

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objective To confirm the inter‐side difference of bone age evaluated with conventional ultrasound. Methods In this prospective study, patients aged between 3 and 15 years with referral for bone age evaluation from the pediatric outpatient and inpatient department in our general medical institute were enrolled from March to October 2021. Bone ages from left and right side were evaluated with ultrasound using a summed ossification ratio of radius, ulna, and femur in all patients. For comparison, radiographic bone ages were assessed with X‐ray films of the left hand and wrist. Results A total of 192 patients were enrolled into the study, including 95 boys (10.5 years [3.2–14.6 years]) and 97 girls (8.7 years [3.7–15.4 years]). In the girls, the ossification ratio of the right radius was greater than the left (P = .030) and the ultrasonic bone age from the right side was more advanced than the left (P = .007). The differences of the left and right ultrasonic bone age were −0.66 to 0.61 years in the boys and −0.89 to 0.67 years in the girls. The differences of right ultrasonic bone age and radiographic bone age were −0.77 to 1.01 years in the boys and −1.12 to 1.14 years in the girls. The differences of left ultrasonic bone age and radiographic bone age were −0.73 to 0.91 years in the boys and −1.16 to 0.90 years in the girls. Conclusions Clinically important difference can be obtained from the left and right side when assessed bone age with the ossification ratio of bones by ultrasound, especially in girls. Both sides should be evaluated in clinical work.

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“…Wan et al. 36 calculated the ossification ratio (OR) for estimating age using USG. OR was calculated as the ratio between diameters of the ossification centre and the epiphysis of bones in the hand and wrist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the wrist and elbow joints: A pilot study to explore a non-invasive technique for age estimation

Shedge

Kanchan

Kushwaha³

et al. 2020

Med Sci Law

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Age estimation is a vital aspect of the process of identification. Studying the appearance and fusion of long bones is one of the most commonly used methods for age estimation. Most research conducted on age estimation using the study of the appearance and fusion of ossification centres has been roentgenographic in nature. However, X-ray examination and computed tomography examination are associated with ionisation radiation. The present study investigated the use of ultrasonography (USG) as a means of visualising ossification centres of the elbow and wrist joints for age estimation in 31 Maharashtrian boys from Ahmednagar, India. The Schmeling et al. method of grading was used to score the fusion of ossification centres, and simple and multiple linear regression models were developed for age estimation. It was found that the ossification centres of the elbow and wrist joints followed a set pattern of maturation and fusion. The ossification centres of the elbow joint fused before the ossification centres of the wrist joint. The fusion scores of proximal radial epiphyses had the highest correlation with the decimal age of the participants, making its fusion the best indicator among all the ossification centres examined in this study for age estimation. Regression models to estimate age were generated using all the ossification centres. USG was found to be suitable for the purpose of age estimation based on ease of examination, minimal ionisation risks, its non-invasive nature and clear visualisation of ossification centres.

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Potential Value of Conventional Ultrasound in Estimation of Bone Age in Patients from Birth to Near Adulthood

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Ultrasound Imaging-Based Methods for Assessing Biological Maturity during Adolescence and Possible Application in Youth Sport: A Scoping Review

Ultrasound Imaging-Based Methods for Assessing Biological Maturity during Adolescence and Possible Application in Youth Sport: A Scoping Review

Bone Age Evaluated With Conventional Ultrasound

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the wrist and elbow joints: A pilot study to explore a non-invasive technique for age estimation

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