Potential Utilization of Local Phosphate Rocks to Enhance Rice Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nakamura, Satoshi; Fukuda, Monrawee; Nagumo, Fujio; Tobita, Satoshi

doi:10.6090/jarq.47.353

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A vast amount of geological phosphate rock (PR) deposits has been found throughout SSA (10). According to the Burkina Faso Government, there are 100 million metric tons of PR in the Kodjari region of Burkina Faso (11), which could serve as an alternative source of P fertilizer (12). However, most of these have not been utilized because of their low solubility and reactivity (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate Use of Local Phosphate Rock Increases Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Cowpea in the Sudan Savanna

et al. 2022

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Development of local P fertilizers using low-grade phosphate rock (PR) is expected to overcome the low-stagnated crop yield in Sub-Saharan Africa. Calcination and partial acidulation methods have been proposed to increase the phosphate (P) solubility of PRs. However, the effects of fertilization with calcinated PR (CPR) and partially acidulated PR (PAPR) on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivation are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment in Burkina Faso to identify the differences in sorghum and cowpea responses to CPR and PAPR application. The following eight treatments were applied with six replicates using a complete randomized block design: control without P fertilization, two types of CP (CPs), triple superphosphate (TSP) as a positive control for CPs, three types of PAPR with different degrees of acidulation (PAPRs), and single superphosphate (SSP) as a positive control for PAPRs. SSP mostly comprised of water-soluble P fraction (WP), TSP and PAPRs of WP and alkaline ammonium citrate-soluble P fraction (SP), and CPRs of SP and 2% citric acid-soluble P fraction (CP). Their solubility was in the order WP > SP > CP. The fertilization effects were evaluated by P use efficiency (PUE). In 2019, the biomass and P uptake of sorghum was decreased by the low available soil water at the early growth stage. On the contrary, cowpea survived the low available soil water because of its shorter growing period compared to sorghum. P fertilization significantly increased the grain yields. However, the effect size differed according to the crop and fertilizer types. The SP, along with WP, significantly contributed to the PUE and grain yield of sorghum, whereas only WP contributed to the PUE of cowpea. Therefore, CPs, mainly consisting of SP and CP, had a disadvantage compared to TSP, especially for cowpea. We thus concluded that PAPRs are effective for sorghum and would be effective for cowpea when the acidulation level is sufficiently high. We also conclude that the long growing period of sorghum is favorable for absorbing slow-release P, but is unfavorable for the variable rainfall often observed in this region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate Use of Local Phosphate Rock Increases Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Cowpea in the Sudan Savanna

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, it would be very desirable, if not necessary, to enhance fertilizer use in much of Africa. The development of low-cost technologies for alleviating P deficiency, such as direct use of low-grade phosphate rock in conjunction with organic resources (Nakamura et al 2013 ; Appleton 2002 ) could offer a sustainable solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel allele of the P-starvation tolerance gene OsPSTOL1 from African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) and its distribution in the genus Oryza

Pariasca‐Tanaka

Chin

Dramé³

et al. 2014

Theor Appl Genet

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Key messageWe have developed allele-specific markers for molecular breeding to transfer thePSTOL1gene from Kasalath to African mega-varieties, including NERICAs, to improve their tolerance to P-deficient soil.AbstractThe deficiency of phosphorus (P) in soil is a major problem in Sub-Saharan Africa due to general nutrient depletion and the presence of P-fixing soils. Developing rice cultivars with enhanced P efficiency would, therefore, represent a sustainable strategy to improve the livelihood of resource-poor farmers. Recently the Pup1 locus, a major QTL for tolerance to P deficiency in soil, was successfully narrowed-down to a major gene, the protein kinase OsPSTOL1 (P-starvation tolerance), which was found to be generally absent from modern irrigated rice varieties. Our target is to improve the tolerance of African mega-varieties to P deficiency through marker-assisted introgression of PSTOL1. As a first step, we have determined the Pup1 haplotype and surveyed the presence or absence of PSTOL1 and other genes of the Pup1 locus in African mega-varieties, NERICAs (New Rice for Africa) and their Oryza glaberrima parents. Here, we report the presence of a novel PSTOL1 allele in upland NERICAs that was inherited from the O. glaberrima parent CG14. This allele showed a 35 base-pair substitution when aligned to the Kasalath allele, but maintained a fully conserved kinase domain, and is present in most O. glaberrima accessions evaluated. In-silico and marker analysis indicated that many other genes of the Kasalath Pup1 locus were missing in the O. glaberrima genome, including the dirigent-like gene OsPupK20-2, which was shown to be downstream of PSTOL1. We have developed several allele-specific markers for the use for molecular breeding to transfer the PSTOL1 gene from Kasalath to African mega-varieties, including NERICAs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00122-014-2306-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The applied phosphate rock in these three treatments may have been gradually solubilized but absorbed poorly by sorghum roots, probably due to environmental factors such as soil concretion and limited soil moisture, justifying the lower yields obtained in these treatments compared to P-Comp-Soil and NPK. The sub-Saharan African PRs effectively achieved high performance in lowland rice, following direct application (Nakamura et al 2013). We did not obtain a similar result in the present study on upland sorghum cultivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphate rock (PR), an essential material existing in large deposits in several African countries, including Burkina Faso, is included in soil fertilization strategies via a direct application or is added to composts during the composting process to improve the compost phosphorus content. Nakamura et al (2013) found that sub-Saharan African PRs effectively achieve high performance in lowland rice, following direct application, regardless of the PR reactivity and the location investigated. However, under water-limited conditions such as upland cultivation of rice or other crops, the effects of the initial PR direct application may be depressed, although it may enhance the total P of soil and have a residual effect in subsequent cultivations (Nakamura et al 2016;Nakamura et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sorghum Agronomic Performance and Soil Chemical and Microbiological Properties as Influenced by Burkina Faso Phosphate Rock-Enriched Composts

Sagnon

Iwasaki

Tibiri

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose The low availability of phosphorus (P) severely limits crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated phosphate rock-enriched composts on soil properties and sorghum growth for use as environment-friendly fertilizers. Methods Treatments were sorghum straw, compost (Comp), Phosphate Rock (BPR), BPR-enriched compost (P-Comp), BPR-soil-enriched compost (P-Comp-Soil), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK, 60-90-30), and control without phosphorus and organic material (CT). Sorgum straw and composts were applied at 1.34 tons ha-1. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in treatments, except in CT, were adjusted to 60, 90, 30 kg ha-1, with urea, BPR, and KCl, respectively. Sorghum vr. Kapelga was cultivated and soil samples were collected on days 52, 93, and 115 (harvest) for analysis. Results NPK and P-Comp-Soil provided the best sorghum yields. Soil available P was less in these treatments. P-Comp-Soil-amended soils recorded higher populations of bacteria (16S rRNA), acid phosphatase (aphA), phosphonatase (phnX), glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) and its cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqqE) genes. Phosphate-specific transporter (pstS) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundances were generally higher in P-Comp-Soil soils, especially at the early growth stage. This active microbial activity in the P-Comp-Soil added to its initially higher available P justified a better nutrient uptake and yields comparable to NPK. Multivariate analysis also revealed the contribution of nitrogen, carbon, and exchangeable cations in sorghum growth. Conclusion This study demonstrated that direct phosphate rock application is not effective in sub-Saharan African upland cultivation. Alternative to chemical fertilizers, soils may be amended with phosphate rock-enriched composts, a niche of beneficial microbes improving soil health.

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Potential Utilization of Local Phosphate Rocks to Enhance Rice Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Appropriate Use of Local Phosphate Rock Increases Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Cowpea in the Sudan Savanna

Appropriate Use of Local Phosphate Rock Increases Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Cowpea in the Sudan Savanna

A novel allele of the P-starvation tolerance gene OsPSTOL1 from African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) and its distribution in the genus Oryza

Sorghum Agronomic Performance and Soil Chemical and Microbiological Properties as Influenced by Burkina Faso Phosphate Rock-Enriched Composts

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