Potential utility of calculated globulin as a screening tool for antibody deficiency in children

Spiridonova, Ekaterina; Bobkova, Polina; Tyrykina, Marina; Kartashova, V.O.; Nikitin, Yuriy; Gushchin, Mikhail; Skibo, Irina; Vasiliev, A. V.; Турина, И. Е.; Иванова, И. В.; Kovygina, Vilana; Blyuss, Oleg; Munblit, Daniel; Korsunskiy, Ilya

doi:10.22541/au.164321770.00736990/v1

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Among hospitalized children, PCCs were reported at 90 days in 40 of 391 SARS-CoV-2-positive children ( Our estimated 90-day PCC prevalence among children infected with SARS-CoV-2 is lower than in earlier reports describing small cohorts of hospitalized children. 9,21,22 The largest early report was a prospective study that included 518 Russian children, among whom 25% reported PCCs after more than 5 months. 9 In our study, only 9.8% of hospitalized children (44 of 447) experienced PCCs at 90 days.…”

Section: Comparisons With Sars-cov-2-negative Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,21,22 The largest early report was a prospective study that included 518 Russian children, among whom 25% reported PCCs after more than 5 months. 9 In our study, only 9.8% of hospitalized children (44 of 447) experienced PCCs at 90 days. The lower PCC prevalence in our study may reflect a higher follow-up rate and thus lower risk of bias and our use of different approaches to eliciting PCCs.…”

Section: Comparisons With Sars-cov-2-negative Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously identified pediatric PCC risk factors include hospitalization, 9 female sex, 26 and a history of allergic 9 and underlying chronic diseases. 26 In keeping with earlier reports, 9,10 we identified that older age was associated with reporting of PCCs. This finding may reflect the fact that younger, less-verbal children are less likely to report specific symptoms, compared with verbal teenagers.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early reports estimated that 25% to 58% of children experienced PCCs months after their acute illnesses and occurrence was not associated with disease severity. [7][8][9] However, a subsequent study that included primarily nonhospitalized, SARS-CoV-2-positive children reported that only 4% were symptomatic 28 days after being tested and 2% were symptomatic 56 days after being tested. 10 Although these risks were higher than reported among noninfected participants, other reports 11,12 described no difference in the frequency of PCCs among pediatric COVID-19 patients and controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post–COVID-19 Conditions Among Children 90 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2022

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ImportanceLittle is known about the risk factors for, and the risk of, developing post–COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) among children.ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2–positive children with PCCs 90 days after a positive test result, to compare this proportion with SARS-CoV-2–negative children, and to assess factors associated with PCCs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study, conducted in 36 emergency departments (EDs) in 8 countries between March 7, 2020, and January 20, 2021, included 1884 SARS-CoV-2–positive children who completed 90-day follow-up; 1686 of these children were frequency matched by hospitalization status, country, and recruitment date with 1701 SARS-CoV-2–negative controls.ExposureSARS-CoV-2 detected via nucleic acid testing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPost–COVID-19 conditions, defined as any persistent, new, or recurrent health problems reported in the 90-day follow-up survey.ResultsOf 8642 enrolled children, 2368 (27.4%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive, among whom 2365 (99.9%) had index ED visit disposition data available; among the 1884 children (79.7%) who completed follow-up, the median age was 3 years (IQR, 0-10 years) and 994 (52.8%) were boys. A total of 110 SARS-CoV-2–positive children (5.8%; 95% CI, 4.8%-7.0%) reported PCCs, including 44 of 447 children (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.4%-13.0%) hospitalized during the acute illness and 66 of 1437 children (4.6%; 95% CI, 3.6%-5.8%) not hospitalized during the acute illness (difference, 5.3%; 95% CI, 2.5%-8.5%). Among SARS-CoV-2–positive children, the most common symptom was fatigue or weakness (21 [1.1%]). Characteristics associated with reporting at least 1 PCC at 90 days included being hospitalized 48 hours or more compared with no hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.67 [95% CI, 1.63-4.38]); having 4 or more symptoms reported at the index ED visit compared with 1 to 3 symptoms (4-6 symptoms: aOR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.28-4.31]; ≥7 symptoms: aOR, 4.59 [95% CI, 2.50-8.44]); and being 14 years of age or older compared with younger than 1 year (aOR, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.43-4.99]). SARS-CoV-2–positive children were more likely to report PCCs at 90 days compared with those who tested negative, both among those who were not hospitalized (55 of 1295 [4.2%; 95% CI, 3.2%-5.5%] vs 35 of 1321 [2.7%; 95% CI, 1.9%-3.7%]; difference, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.2%-3.0%]) and those who were hospitalized (40 of 391 [10.2%; 95% CI, 7.4%-13.7%] vs 19 of 380 [5.0%; 95% CI, 3.0%-7.7%]; difference, 5.2% [95% CI, 1.5%-9.1%]). In addition, SARS-CoV-2 positivity was associated with reporting PCCs 90 days after the index ED visit (aOR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.14-2.35]), specifically systemic health problems (eg, fatigue, weakness, fever; aOR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.19-5.00]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with reporting PCCs at 90 days in children. Guidance and follow-up are particularly necessary for hospitalized children who have numerous acute symptoms and are older.

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Section: Comparisons With Sars-cov-2-negative Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisons With Sars-cov-2-negative Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post–COVID-19 Conditions Among Children 90 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2022

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Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children

2021

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Increasing numbers of people with prolonged symptoms after recovery from COVID-19 infection (long COVID) have been reported, prompting calls for research. 1,2 Symptoms of long COVID are poorly characterized, with several phenotypes described, 3 and the causes, treatments, and outcomes are unknown. Calls for research fail to address long COVID in children and adolescents. Given the demand for appropriate care for patients with this condition, agencies have published guidelines on treatment. 4 However, these guidelines inappropriately combine research requirements and services for the children and older adults.The long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain unknown, but prolonged symptom duration and disability are commonly reported among adults. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines classify infection sequalae by the duration of symptoms, 4 providing interim definitions for long COVID based on limited evidence from small cohorts with short-term follow-up of adults. The paucity of high-quality studies is a barrier to a comprehensive definition of long COVID and postacute COVID. This definition and harmonization of research, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with long COVID could allow for cohesive national and international data collection and better estimation of incidence, prevalence, and risk factors that are tailored to different age groups.Large, harmonized longitudinal studies assessing aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae in children and adolescents are needed. Although few studies have focused on children, 5,6 patient support groups have noted that many children experience long-term COVID-19 consequences. To generate high-quality evidence, studies with controls matched for the same social restrictions are urgently required. Robust case-control studies can facilitate identification of the cause of and risk factors for different long COVID syndromes in children, including well-defined characterization of symptoms, signs, psychological features, and protective factors in children in different settings. Estimation of the impact of long COVID vs the impact of wider pandemic restrictions may provide important information for policy makers to guide clinical and public health management.The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium has developed standardized tools to collect multisite data on COVID-19 globally. 7 Harmonization of the protocols for data collection and establishment of an international registry are the main priorities (Table ). Development of standardized research protocols for different resources settings aiming at different aspects of COVID-19 sequelae in children can allow harmonized data collection and reliable comparison across countries.

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Potential utility of calculated globulin as a screening tool for antibody deficiency in children

Cited by 2 publications

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Post–COVID-19 Conditions Among Children 90 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Post–COVID-19 Conditions Among Children 90 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children

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