Potential usefulness of methyl gallate in the treatment of experimental colitis

Abstract

Methyl gallate is a gallotannin widely distributed in nature. Previous studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, the activity of methyl gallate on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease has been investigated. Experimental colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through the intracolonic instillation of an acetic acid solution (2 mL, 4% v/v). Methyl gallate (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) and the reference drug mesalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested. Methyl gallate induced a significant reduction in the colon weight/length ratio and macroscopic lesion score. Besides, the malondialdehyde content and the GSSG/GSH ratio were remarkably decreased. Furthermore, the administration of methyl gallate reduced the expression of COX, IL-6, TNFα and the severity of microscopic tissue damage induced by acetic acid, while the mean goblet cell density was significantly higher in both the group treated with methyl gallate and the one treated with mesalazine, in comparison with untreated animals. The NaKATPase pump activity was recovered in treated groups (control: 827.2 ± 59.6, colitis: 311.6 ± 54.8, methyl gallate 100 mg/kg: 642.2 ± 175.0, methyl gallate 300 mg/kg: 809.7 ± 100.6, mesalazine: 525.3 ± 81.7). Methyl gallate was also found to induce a significant reduction in the castor oil-induced intestinal motility in Swiss mice, decreasing the peristalsis by 74.5 and 58.82% at 100 and 300 mg/kg p.o., respectively. This compound also antagonized the jejunum contractions induced by Ach and CaCl. This study demonstrates that methyl gallate exerts beneficial effects in a preclinical model of intestinal disorders.

Gallincin ameliorates colitis-associated inflammation and barrier function in mice based on network pharmacology prediction

“…As described above, our results showed that gallincin inhibited inflammation and mucosal damage in mouse models. Anzoise et al 12 also observed that gallincin decreased levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 in rats with experimental colitis. Another report from Chae et al 11 also showed that gallincin inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines by suppressing phosphorylation of ERK1/2.…”

“…11 In addition, gallincin has spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant actions. 12,13 However, it is still unknown whether intestinal barrier dysfunction can be treated by gallincin. Fortunately, network pharmacology can be used to identify potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.…”

The Metabolomic-Gut-Clinical Axis of Mankai Plant-Derived Dietary Polyphenols

“…Based on genome prediction from 16S rRNA gene sequences of microorganisms in anoxic bioreactors inoculated with human fecal samples, predicted functional pathway analysis indicated that at least some Mankai-derived phenolic compounds are metabolized by the human gut microbiota, and thus degraded before human absorption. Although is it widely accepted that plant-derived phenolic compounds, such as protocatechuate, phenylacetate, methylgallate and salicylate have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties, and thus have the potential to improve human diseases such as coronary heart diseases, cancer and diabetes [41][42][43][44][45], some plant-derived phenolic compounds, such as catechol and methylcatechol, can have cytotoxic and cancerogenic activities in the human body [46,47]. However, intracerebroventricular 4-methylcatechol has the potential to increase spatial learning and memory and produce an antidepressant effect [48].…”

Protective effect of methyl gallate on murine antigen-induced arthritis by inhibiting inflammatory process and bone erosion

“…It was described that MG attenuates osteoclastic differentiation in vitro and reduces the bone loss induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice (Baek et al 2017). MG was also described to reduced the in ammatory process in mice experimental colitis (Anzoise et al 2018). Our group described an anti-in ammatory effect for MG in the zymosan-induced arthritis (Correa et al 2016).…”