Potential use of probiotic- and triherbal extract-enriched diets to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in carp

Abstract

This study reports the effect of probiotic-and triherbal extract-enriched diet on Cyprinus carpio (52 ± 2 g, n = 250) inoculated intramuscularly (50 µl) with Aeromonas hydrophila (1.8 × 10 6 CFU ml -1). On Day 6 post-infection, the fish were divided into 4 groups and fed with the basal diet (IU) or with diets supplemented with triherbal extract (H), Sporolac (S) or Lactobacillus (L). A fifth group of non-infected fish fed with the basal diet was used as a control. Haematology and immunology parameters were measured in Weeks 1, 2 and 4. In the H, S, and L groups, white blood cell levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) throughout the experimental period. In the H and S groups, red blood cell and haemoglobin levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in Weeks 1, 2 and 4. In all the diet groups, the haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in Week 1, and these values remained near those of the control in Week 2. The S and L groups did not exhibit significant changes (p > 0.05) in glucose, and cholesterol levels in Weeks 2 and 4 compared to controls, and the L group also showed no change in total protein. Respiratory burst activity was significantly increased in Weeks 1 to 4 in the H, S and L groups. Serum-mediated killing of Escherichia coli was significantly increased in the L group in Weeks 1 to 4. Mortalities after A. hydrophila challenge were higher in the IU (85%) and H (50%) groups than in the S (45%) and L (35%) groups. Our results show that formulated probiotic-enriched diets can speed up the recovery of ulcerative dermatitis induced by A. hydrophila in carp. KEY WORDS: Aeromonas hydrophila · Cyprinus carpio · Haematology · Triherbal extract · ProbioticsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

Non-specific immune response and disease resistance induced by Siegesbeckia glabrescens against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Epinephelus bruneus

“…The present finding is in agreement with some of the earlier studies in olive flounder fed with diets containing an ethyl acetate extract of Punica granatum [17] or E. alba extracts [45,46]. Triherbal extract increased the survival rate in goldfish against Aeromonas hydrophila [18]. Hence, it can be concluded that the enhanced protection observed in the present study is due to the immunostimulatory property of S. glabrescens extract.…”

Application of phytochemicals as immunostimulant, antipathogenic and antistress agents in finfish culture

“…2003). In another experiment, C. carpio fed a triherbal extract‐enriched diet after intramuscular inoculation with A. hydrophila showed a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in respiratory burst activity in weeks 1–4 and comparatively lower mortalities than the control fish (Harikrishnan et al. 2010c).…”

Current research on the use of plant-derived products in farmed fish

“…Different strategies have been used for the oral administration of plants and plant‐derived products in fish (Tables and ). Very frequently plant extracts/plant parts have been included as ingredients of the diet (pellet/extruded feed) at doses ranging from 0.1 to 2% and fish were fed for a period ranging from 2 to 5 weeks, according to a dietary regime (% BW day −1 ) calibrated for fish species and size (Dügenci, Arda & Candan ; Vasudeva, Romesh, Singh & Chakrabarti ; Vasudeva & Chakrabarti , ,b; Vasudeva, Das, Jyotyrmayee & Chakrabarti ; Christybapita, Divyagnaneswari & Michael ; Choi, Park, Yoon, Kim, Jang & Choe ; Awad & Austin ; Harikrishnan, Balasundaram & Heo ; Kirubakaran, Alexander & Michael ; Rattanachaikunsopon & Phumkhachorn ,c; Awad, Mitchell & &Austin Harikrishnan, Kim, Kim, Balasundaram & Heo ,f,g). In other experiments similar percentages of herbs have been included in the diet but fish were fed until satiation or for a longer time period (6–12 weeks) (Kim, Hwang & Bai ; Jian & Wu , ; Shalaby, Khattab & Abdel Rahman ; Yin, Jeney, Racz, Xu, Jun & Jeney ; Ji, Takaoka, Jeong, Lee, Ishimaru, Seoka & Takii ; Ji, Jeong et al .…”

“…) and common carp (Harikrishnan et al . ), being able to induce gradual reduction in the clinical signs, complete recovery of health status and increased survival (Tables and ). Similar results were described by Rajendiran et al .…”