Potential Use of Paddy Straw as Filler in Poly Lactic Acid/Paddy Straw Powder Biocomposite: Thermal and Thermal Properties

Yaacab, Noorulnajwa Diyana; Ismail, Hanafi; Ting, Sam Sung

doi:10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.081

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Increase in filler content is synonymous with increasing interfacial area and worsening interfacial bonding between the hydrophilic filler and hydrophobic matrix polymer which reduces tensile strength. 13,28,44,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] The decrease could also be explained by the decrease in the load transfer occurring from the degradation of cellulose chains. 57 Cho and Park explained the decrease in tensile strength of composites with the increase in filler loading by the differences in failure strains of the reinforcement and the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of fiber-reinforced polypropylene with NaOH pretreated rice and coffee husks as fillers: Mechanical and thermal properties

Yiga

Pagel

Lubwama

et al. 2019

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Incorporation of agricultural wastes as fillers in fiber-reinforced plastics is gaining momentum in plastics engineering research. In this study, fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) with rice and coffee husks as filler material were developed. The effect of alkali (sodium hydroxide) pretreatment of the husks on mechanical and thermal properties of developed PP biocomposites was observed. Filler material loading was varied from 0% to 20% for rice husks and 0% to 10% for coffee husks. A twin-screw extruder was used for compounding the PP matrix with rice and coffee husk filler materials. Tensile strengths and percentage elongation results varied from 27.4 to 37.4 MPa and 2.4% to 70.3% (unmodified coffee husks), 31.1 to 37.4 MPa and 5% to 70.3% (unmodified rice husks), 30.7 to 37.4 MPa and 5.3% to 70.3% (modified coffee husks), and 30.7 to 37.4 MPa and 4.8% to 70.3% (modified rice husks). Young’s modulus ranged between 1656 and 2247.8 MPa for biocomposite PP samples with unmodified filler material. Young’s modulus ranged between 1740 and 2160 MPa after alkali treatment of the filler material. Charpy impact strengths ranged from 1.2 to 4 kJ/m2 and 3.1 to 19.6 kJ/m2 for samples containing unmodified and modified filler material, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that an increase in filler content resulted into delayed weight loss at high degradation temperatures. The results suggest that these developed fiber-reinforced plastics can be used in applications requiring high thermal stability and good mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of fiber-reinforced polypropylene with NaOH pretreated rice and coffee husks as fillers: Mechanical and thermal properties

Yiga

Pagel

Lubwama

et al. 2019

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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“…This result indicates that the lignocellulosic fillers induced a nucleating effect that favored the formation of crystals in the green composites. In the case of the lower X C_max values for the green composites containing 40 wt% and 50 wt% of TCHF, one can consider that the fillers presence at these contents also supposed an obstacle for the biopolymer chains to form stable crystals, generating a negative effect on crystallinity and leading to the formation of a more amorphous structure [66][67][68]. Furthermore, one can also observe that the torrefaction process did not yield any significant effect on the thermal properties of PLA at the studied filler loading, suggesting that nucleation was based on a physical phenomenon.…”

Section: Thermal Performance Of the Green Composite Piecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Coffee Husk Flour for the Development of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces of Polylactide with High Sustainability

et al. 2020

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Coffee husk, a major lignocellulosic waste derived from the coffee industry, was first ground into flour of fine particles of approximately 90 µm and then torrefied at 250 °C to make it more thermally stable and compatible with biopolymers. The resultant torrefied coffee husk flour (TCHF) was thereafter melt-compounded with polylactide (PLA) in contents from 20 to 50 wt% and the extruded green composite pellets were shaped by injection molding into pieces and characterized. Although the incorporation of TCHF reduced the ductility and toughness of PLA, filler contents of 20 wt% successfully yielded pieces with balanced mechanical properties in both tensile and flexural conditions and improved hardness. Contents of up to 30 wt% of TCHF also induced a nucleating effect that favored the formation of crystals of PLA, whereas the thermal degradation of the biopolyester was delayed by more than 7 °C. Furthermore, the PLA/TCHF pieces showed higher thermomechanical resistance and their softening point increased up to nearly 60 °C. Therefore, highly sustainable pieces were developed through the valorization of large amounts of coffee waste subjected to torrefaction. In the Circular Bioeconomy framework, these novel green composites can be used in the design of compostable rigid packaging and food contact disposables.

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“…Recently, with the continuous reduction of forest area and the depletion of oil-based resources, degradable wood plastic composites (WPCs) have gained more and more attention 1–4 . WPCs are mainly made from plant straws (or wood residues) and plastics by extrusion, injection or compression 2,5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, researches related to WPCs have focused on modification of plant fibres 1,3,12,13 , surface grafting of matrix resins 18–20 , blending techniques 2,5,6 , and mechanical performance 1,2,5,6 . Studies on mechanism of the chemical modification of cereal straw have rarely been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Mechanism of Etherification of Rice Straw with Epichlorohydrin in Alkaline Medium

Shang

Wang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Wood plastic composites (WPCs) made from plant fibres and plastics have gained more and more attention. Studies have been focused on preparation and mechanical performance of WPCs. While mechanism of chemical modification of cereal straw has rarely been reported. In the present work, rice straw was etherified with epichlorohydrin (EPI) and the mechanism of etherification was investigated. Natural rice straw (NRS) was pretreated with NaOH to move most of hemicellulose and lignin. The alkali treated rice straw (ARS), whose dominant component being cellulose, was etherified with EPI at 120 °C for 1–8 h in toluene with NaOH as catalyst. NRS, ARS and etherified rice straw (ERS) were characterized and analyzed by FT-IR, solid CP/MAS 13C-NMR, elemental analysis and neutral sugar analysis. The etherification reaction was finished within 5 h, and C3H6O units were introduced into the structure of cellulose, leading to the increase of contents of C and H in ERS. The etherification process of ARS in alkaline medium was divided into three stages, during which two hydroxyl groups were replaced by two ether bonds successively, and a new hydroxyl group was formed in the last step. The number of hydroxyl groups in ERS was reduced, and reduction of hydrophilicity of ERS could be expected.

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Potential Use of Paddy Straw as Filler in Poly Lactic Acid/Paddy Straw Powder Biocomposite: Thermal and Thermal Properties

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Development of fiber-reinforced polypropylene with NaOH pretreated rice and coffee husks as fillers: Mechanical and thermal properties

Development of fiber-reinforced polypropylene with NaOH pretreated rice and coffee husks as fillers: Mechanical and thermal properties

Torrefaction of Coffee Husk Flour for the Development of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces of Polylactide with High Sustainability

Reaction Mechanism of Etherification of Rice Straw with Epichlorohydrin in Alkaline Medium

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