Potential use of macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Health benefits from a sustainable source

Passos, Ricardo; Correia, Ana Patrícia; Pires, Damiana; Pires, Pedro; Ferreira, Inês; Simões, Marco; Carmo, Beatriz do; Santos, Paulo; Pombo, Ana; Afonso, Clélia; Baptista, Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.033

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As the NNV infection progressed, lysozyme concentrations gradually reduced from 24 hpi onwards. This result is in line with immune depression previously noted by Reference [41], who described a similar relationship between lysozyme and lymphocytes levels being suppressed simultaneously. The fact that peroxidase activity was unchanged remains to be clarified, as it does not reflect the changes in neutrophil numbers observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Early Immune Modulation in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles in Response to Betanodavirus Infection

Vaz

Pires

et al. 2022

Fishes

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The early host–pathogen interaction between European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Betanodavirus was examined by using juvenile fish infected intramuscularly with RGNNV (red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus). The time course selected for sampling (0–144 h post-infection (hpi)) covered the early stages of infection, with hematological, antioxidant and immunological responses examined. Early activation of the host’s immune system was seen in the first few hours post-infection (6 to 9 hpi), as evidenced by an increase in tnfα, cd28 and c3 expression in the head kidney of infected fish. Most hematological parameters that were examined showed significant differences between sampling times, including differences in the number of thrombocytes and various leukocyte populations. The plasma lysozyme concentration decreased significantly over the course of the trial, and most antioxidant parameters examined in the liver showed significant differences over the infection period. At 144 hpi, peak expression of tnfα and il-1β coincided with the appearance of disease symptoms, peak levels of virus in the brain and high levels of fish mortality. The results of the study show the importance of analyzing the early interactions between European seabass and Betanodavirus to establish early indicators of infection to prevent more severe outcomes of the infection from occurring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Early Immune Modulation in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles in Response to Betanodavirus Infection

Vaz

Pires

et al. 2022

Fishes

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“…Fish performance and mortality. Seabass growth performance, feed conversion ratio and overall health improvement have been previously reported 49 . Briefly, weight gained and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by the end of the trial were not significantly different among groups, however fish fed diet with 5% seaweed inclusion tend to gain more weight and to convert better.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The antioxidant, immunostimulant, and overall health-enhancing effects exerted by seaweeds have been pointed to as the main reasons for its health-promoting qualities 61,62 . Although a large amount of the available reports refer to the effects on www.nature.com/scientificreports/ human health, several studies have shown their potential also in fish 49,59,[63][64][65] . Members of Gracilaria genus have been investigated as infeed ingredients to improve health in fish, and despite some differences, overall, the inclusion of this seaweed biomass has a positive effect on fish health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the overall physiological analysis did not indicate a direct cause of the resistance (i.e., immunostimulation), it was suggested gut microbiota could have played a role in this feature. A possible antagonistic relationship between the seaweed and this pathogenic bacterium was evaluated by Passos et al 49 with non-significant results. However, in this study we identified several clusters of correlations between some genera that indicate the bacteria relationships that are modulated by the algae-supplemented diet in both intestinal sections, but not by the algae extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulatory effect of Gracilaria gracilis on European seabass gut microbiota community and its functionality

Gonçalves

Simões

Costa

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Seaweeds are an important source of nutrients and bioactive compounds and have a high potential as health boosters in aquaculture. This study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of Gracilaria gracilis biomass or its extract on the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) gut microbial community. Juvenile fish were fed a commercial-like diet with 2.5% or 5% seaweed biomass or 0.35% seaweed extract for 47 days. The gut microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and its diversity was not altered by the seaweed supplementation. However, a reduction in Proteobacteria abundance was observed. Random forest analysis highlighted the genera Photobacterium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Sphingomonas, and their abundances were reduced when fish were fed diets with algae. SparCC correlation network analysis suggested several mutualistic and other antagonistic relationships that could be related to the predicted altered functions. These pathways were mainly related to the metabolism and biosynthesis of protective compounds such as ectoine and were upregulated in fish fed diets supplemented with algae. This study shows the beneficial potential of Gracilaria as a functional ingredient through the modulation of the complex microbial network towards fish health improvement.

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“…An improved disease resistance against the same bacterial pathogen was also observed in gilthead seabream juveniles that were fed Gracilaria gracilis powder at 5% dietary inclusion after 52 days, a fact that contrasted with the lower plasma lysozyme activity observed in those specimens before disease challenge, compared to their counterparts that were fed the control diet [97]. In a similar study, European seabass were fed diets with 2.5 and 5% inclusion of Gracilaria gracilis powder for 47 days, but no significant changes were observed in innate immune parameters, compared to specimens that were fed the control diet [154]. Similarly, Atlantic salmon that were fed diets at 5, 10, and 15% inclusion levels of dillisk (Palmaria palmate) for 14 weeks did not show any changes in haematological parameters, or in plasma lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activities [155].…”

Section: Impacts Of Alternative Protein Sources On Immune Function An...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth

Aragão

Gonçalves

Costas

et al. 2022

Animals

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Aquaculture has been challenged to find alternative ingredients to develop innovative feed formulations that foster a sustainable future growth. Given the most recent trends in fish feed formulation on the use of alternative protein sources to decrease the dependency of fishmeal, it is fundamental to evaluate the implications of this new paradigm for fish health and welfare. This work intends to comprehensively review the impacts of alternative and novel dietary protein sources on fish gut microbiota and health, stress and immune responses, disease resistance, and antioxidant capacity. The research results indicate that alternative protein sources, such as terrestrial plant proteins, rendered animal by-products, insect meals, micro- and macroalgae, and single cell proteins (e.g., yeasts), may negatively impact gut microbiota and health, thus affecting immune and stress responses. Nevertheless, some of the novel protein sources, such as insects and algae meals, have functional properties and may exert an immunostimulatory activity. Further research on the effects of novel protein sources, beyond growth, is clearly needed. The information gathered here is of utmost importance, in order to develop innovative diets that guarantee the production of healthy fish with high quality standards and optimised welfare conditions, thus contributing to a sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry.

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Potential use of macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Health benefits from a sustainable source

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Early Immune Modulation in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles in Response to Betanodavirus Infection

Early Immune Modulation in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles in Response to Betanodavirus Infection

Modulatory effect of Gracilaria gracilis on European seabass gut microbiota community and its functionality

Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth

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