Potential use of electronic noses, electronic tongues and biosensors as multisensor systems for spoilage examination in foods

Abstract

Development and use of reliable and precise detecting systems in the food supply chain must be taken into account to ensure the maximum level of food safety and quality for consumers. Spoilage is a challenging concern in food safety considerations as it is a threat to public health and is seriously considered in food hygiene issues accordingly. Although some procedures and detection methods are already available for the determination of spoilage in food products, these traditional methods have some limitations and drawbacks as they are time-consuming, labour intensive and relatively expensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of rapid, reliable, precise and non-expensive systems to be used in the food supply and production chain as monitoring devices to detect metabolic alterations in foodstuff. Attention to instrumental detection systems such as electronic noses, electronic tongues and biosensors coupled with chemometric approaches has greatly increased because they have been demonstrated as a promising alternative for the purpose of detecting and monitoring food spoilage. This paper mainly focuses on the recent developments and the application of such multisensor systems in the food industry. Furthermore, the most traditionally methods for food spoilage detection are introduced in this context as well. The challenges and future trends of the potential use of the systems are also discussed. Based on the published literature, encouraging reports demonstrate that such systems are indeed the most promising candidates for the detection and monitoring of spoilage microorganisms in different foodstuff.

Assessment of Spoilage Bacterial Communities in Food Wrap and Modified Atmospheres-Packed Minced Pork Meat Samples by 16S rDNA Metagenetic Analysis

“…Low spoilage potential but can enhanced the growth of other spoilage bacteria by means of quorum sensing. Pinu, 2016;Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti et al, 2018;Odeyemi et al, 2018;Hahne et al, 2019 Brochothrix spp. In different gas composition, such as under air, modified atmosphere and vacuum-packaging.…”

Suhu Pemanas Sampel Optimal Untuk Klasifikasi Teh Hitam Menggunakan Electronic Nose

“…Proses pengambilan ciri sampel ini memegang peranan penting di dalam menentukan kinerja dari e-nose karena pada tahap ini informasi yang kuat (robust) diekstrak dari respon sensor dan mereduksi yang tidak diperlukan sehingga hasilnya berpengaruh mesin pengenalan pola [12]. Pada proses ini respon sensor yang telah diekstrak cirinya tidak bergantung waktu (time independent) atau secara matematis ditunjukkan pada persamaan (2) (2) dengan X ij (t) merupakan sinyal sensor ke i untuk sampel j yang bergantung pada waktu, kemudian diekstrak cirinya menjadi X ij yang merupakan ciri dari sensor ke i untuk sampel j yang tidak bergantung waktu [13]. Hines et al, (2004) juga menambahkan untuk respon sensor yang dihasilkan oleh n sensor dengan sampel j dapat dibentuk matriks yang tidak bergantung waktu.…”

“…Hidung manusia telah banyak digunakan oleh industri sebagai alat untuk menganalisis kualitas makanan, minuman, parfum, kosmetik dan produk-produk kimia. Namun sistem indra penciuman ini umumnya bersifat subyektif karena mudah dipengaruhi kondisi fisik dan psikis dari tester [1], sedangkan peralatan analitik kimia Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PRT-MS), Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS), Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME), Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) memerlukan ahli di dalam menganalisis hasilnya, sulit di dalam pemantauan sampel secara kontinu (continuous monitoring) untuk industri makanan [2], mahal tak portable dan membutuhkan waktu lama dalam menganalisis (time consuming) [3].…”

Bulk and Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Arrays for Multi-Analyte Detection: A Review

“…The sensor devices can be manufactured very small down to submillimeter dimensions, which enables the design of correspondingly small arrays. Furthermore, acoustic transducers can easily be integrated in wireless communication systems [1][2][3][4][5].…”