Potential Use of Cow Manure for Poly(Lactic Acid) Production

Garrido, Ricard; Cabeza, Luisa F.; Falguera, Víctor; Navarro, Omar Pérez

doi:10.3390/su142416753

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Moreover, PLA proves to be a viable option for the repair or retrofitting of concrete structures [43]. There is a potential to make PLA from cow manure to address sustainability issues and recycling [44]. Regarding carbon dioxide emissions, 3D printing energy and human toxicity PLA are environmentally friendly options [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Size on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers

Sadaghian,

Dadmand,

Pourbaba

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Most of the experiments on additively manufactured polymers are on a small scale, and it remains uncertain whether findings at a small scale can be extrapolated to their larger-scale counterparts. This uncertainty mainly arises due to the limited studies on the effect of size on three-dimensional (3D)-printed polymers, among many others. Given this background, this preliminary study aims to investigate the effect of geometric dimensions (i.e., the size effect) on the mechanical performance of four representative types of 3D-printable polymers, namely, (1) polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS), (2) acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), (3) polylactic acid (PLA) as a bio biodegradable and sustainable material, and (4) polyamide (PA, nylon), based on compression, modulus of elasticity, tension, and flexural tests. Eight different sizes were investigated for compression, modulus of elasticity, and tension tests, while seven different sizes were tested under flexure as per relevant test standards. A material extrusion technique was used to 3D-print the polymers in a flat build orientation and at an infill orientation angle of 45°. The results have shown that the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed polymers were size-dependent, regardless of the material type, with the most significant being flexure, followed by tension, compression, and modulus of elasticity; however, no clear general trend could be identified in this regard. All the materials except for nylon showed a brittle failure pattern, characterized by interfacial failure rather than filament failure. PLA outperformed the other three polymer specimens in terms of strength, irrespective of the type of loading.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Size on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers

Sadaghian,

Dadmand,

Pourbaba

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…To establish the technological viability of the process simulated in this work, it was previously investigated [8] and demonstrated at laboratory scale [12]. Aspen Plus software version 13 data [25] were used to simulate the process model, validated with laboratory experiences.…”

Section: Process Design 231 General Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pretreatment section equipment overview is shown in Figure 4. The substrate only needed moderate preparation because cow manure has a low proportion of lignin [8]. The cell wall had to be disrupted in order to expose the polysaccharide in cow manure prior to fermentation.…”

Section: Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the sensitivity analysis is a useful tool usually used to estimate the influence of different input factors on selected output variables. Therefore, the application of a sensitivity analysis to determine the profitability of an investment can be established as an essential technoeconomic study in order to measure the performance and productivity of a chemical project, thus, allowing for the initial identification and future prediction of eventual problems of any kind that could emerge during the execution of the project [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactic Acid Production from Cow Manure: Technoeconomic Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis

Garrido,

Cabeza,

Falguera

2023

Fermentation

Self Cite

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Recently, the industrial focus has shifted to renewable raw materials due to the exhaustion and rising pressures about environmental and political issues. Lignocellulosic biowaste can be derived from a range of sources, such as animal manure, forestry waste, and agricultural waste, and it can be transformed into lactic acid through a biochemical process. There are 942.63 million cattle in the world and annually generate 3.7 billion tons of manure, which could be used to produce lactic acid. The economic viability of a lactic acid plant from cow manure has not yet been determined and is, thus, considered in this study. Using the modeling program Aspen Plus data and other sources, as well as collecting all economic inputs, the feasibility analysis of a lactic acid plant handling cow manure is assessed in this paper. Three scenarios are calculated to check the feasibility depending on the plant size: scenario I handles 1,579,328 t·year−1, scenario II handles 789,664 t·year−1, and scenario III handles 315,865 t·year−1. The results demonstrate that treating the tested lignocellulosic biomass for the manufacture of lactic acid is economically feasible because the economic analysis shows positive net present values for scenarios I, II, and III. The technoeconomic analysis reveals that the minimum lactic acid selling price for scenario I is 0.945 EUR·kg−1, which is comparable to the cost of commercial lactic acid produced from starch feedstock. Scenario II achieves a minimum selling price of 1.070 EUR·kg−1, and scenario III 1.289 EUR·kg−1. The sensitivity analysis carried out reveals that the factor with the biggest impact on the NPV is the yield. Moreover, this study provides a model of industrial application and technoeconomic evaluation for lactic acid production from cow manure.

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“…In this work, a different strategy of cattle manure management was explored. This byproduct is extremely abundant worldwide, and every year about 7.6 billion tons are produced [2]. Cattle manure is commonly spread on the land after a partial separation from the liquid phase and used as a biofertilizer [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Generation Potential Through Cattle Manure Solid Phase Gasification

Puglia,

Ottani,

Cantisani

et al. 2023

IJSDP

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A common practice for cattle manure management, especially for farms with a small number of animals, is simply the separation of the manure solid phase from the liquid one and the subsequent spreading on the land. However, this biomass has a chemical composition similar to more valuable ones like woodchips, with the downside of the high ash content. For this reason, gasification of cattle manure solid phase in a small-scale gasifier was explored. Through this solution it is possible to provide both electrical and thermal energy to the farm, constantly throughout both the day and the year as opposed to other renewable sources like solar and wind power. In addition, a byproduct of this process is biochar, whose main application is in agriculture as soil improver and therefore it could be a valuable substitute of a fraction of the manure currently used as fertilizer. The quantity of manure available was assumed considering the typical size of an Italian dairy farm while the efficiency of the CHP system was calculated through an experimental test with a gasifier prototype. The results have been utilized for a basic comparison between the energy available through gasification and through anaerobic digestion.

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Potential Use of Cow Manure for Poly(Lactic Acid) Production

Cited by 5 publications

References 203 publications

The Effect of Size on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers

The Effect of Size on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers

Lactic Acid Production from Cow Manure: Technoeconomic Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis

Energy Generation Potential Through Cattle Manure Solid Phase Gasification

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