Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment

Pirhadi, Mohadeseh; Alikord, Mahsa; Tajdar-Oranj, Behrouz; Khaniki, Gholamreza Jahed; Nazmara, Shahrokh; Fathabad, Ayub Ebadi; Ghalhari, Mohammad Rezvani; Sadighara, Parisa

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11803

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with our findings, Pirhadi et al assessed the concentration of Fe in wheat, flour of Sangak and Lavash bread samples. They concluded that the concentration of Fe in all 270 samples was less than the permitted limit set by the European Commission and JECFA committee [ 45 ]. It is demonstrated that factors such as wheat variety, type of fertilizer to wheat fields, type of imported wheat, mixing different types of wheat, and adding premix powder are effective on the level of metal elements in fortified wheat flour [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of iron content in bakery flour samples of Tehran, Iran

Mohamadi

Yazdanfar²,

Ebrahiminejad³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of iron content in bakery flour samples of Tehran, Iran

Mohamadi

Yazdanfar²,

Ebrahiminejad³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…The total cancer risk (TCR) was estimated as the sum of all the cancer risks due to the ingestion of the four heavy metals in maize flour (Equation (5)). CR = ADD × CSF

where CSF is the ingestion cancer slope factor = 8.5, 0.91, 0.5 and 6.1 for Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd mg/kg-day, respectively [ 43 ]. The CR estimates the probability of the cancerogenic effect, and values higher than 10 −4 indicate unacceptable risks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where CSF is the ingestion cancer slope factor = 8.5, 0.91, 0.5 and 6.1 for Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd mg/kg-day, respectively [43]. The CR estimates the probability of the cancerogenic effect, and values higher than 10 −4 indicate unacceptable risks.…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessment Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition, Dietary Exposure and Human Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Mechanically Milled Maize Flours in Mbarara City, Uganda

Mugume,

Byamugisha,

Omara

et al. 2023

JoX

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Consumption of maize and maize-based products contributes a significant percentage to the total food energy intake in Uganda. However, the production of maize-derived foodstuffs is performed traditionally or by small- and medium-scale processors using different processing techniques. This can lead to differences in the quality of these products from processors, raising food safety concerns. In this study, the effects of mechanical processing (milling) methods on deposition of heavy metals into milled maize flour and the associated consumption health risks were assessed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to quantitatively establish the concentration of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) in 100 samples of maize milled using a wooden mortar (n = 2), a metallic mortar (n = 2), diesel engine−powered mills (n = 48) and electric motor−powered mills (n = 48). Results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in mg/kg were Fe (11.60–34.45), Cu (0.50–8.10), Ni (0.50–1.60), Mn (0.70–25.40), Zn (4.40–15.90), Pb (0.53–10.20), Cd (0.51–0.85), Cr (0.50–1.53) and Co (0.50–1.51). The highest concentrations were found in flour milled using a traditional metallic mortar while the lowest levels were in those samples milled using a wooden mortar. The Fe, Pb and Cd contents of flours produced using the metallic mortar and some commercial mills was found to be higher than the permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. Human health risk assessment showed that there are potential carcinogenic health risks from adults’ intake of heavy metals in maize flour milled using a metallic mortar. Therefore, processing of maize flour needs to be monitored by the relevant statutory bodies in Uganda to minimize the possibility of heavy metal contamination of food products and animal feeds.

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“…It should be mentioned that the average number of authors per paper can vary significantly depending on the scientific field or discipline [19]. The majority of risk assessment studies have been conducted on total diet [21][22][23][24], ready-to-eat products [25], fish and seafood products [26][27][28], fruits and vegetables [29][30][31][32], cereals and cereal products [33][34][35], dairy and dairy-derived products [36][37][38], as well as meat and meat products [39][40][41]. Also, studies have been conducted on risk assessment of heavy metals from eggs [42][43][44], cocoa and cocoa products [45,46], sesame [47], pistachio [48], peanut seeds [49], spices [50], salt [51], chewing gum, peppermints, and sweets [52], honey [53], water and drinks [54][55][56], food supplements [57], tea products [58] and infant formula [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals in Food: A Bibliometric Analysis

Ungureanu,

Mocanu,

Stroe

et al. 2023

Foods

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Bibliometric analysis is an effective method used to identify research trends based on historical publications that involves combining different frameworks, tools and methods, leading to the creation of different metrics. This study employed bibliometric analysis to investigate the global health risk assessment of heavy metals in food from 2000 to 2022 using Web of Science and VOSviewer. We explore publication trends, affiliations, countries, journals, citations, keywords and author collaborations. Of the 573 publications on this topic, there has been a notable increase in recent years. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Iran) are the most prolific affiliations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research is the top journal. Notably, “heavy metals”, “risk assessment”, “cadmium”, “lead”, and “trace elements” are frequently used keywords. A study by Miraglia et al. in 2009 received the most citations. Amin Mousavi Khaneghah (Poland) is the most prolific author, with 24 papers. Articles mainly focus on contamination levels in fish, seafood, cereals, dairy, meat, and fruit/vegetables. Some studies highlight potential risks, necessitating stricter food product controls for consumer safety.

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Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluation of iron content in bakery flour samples of Tehran, Iran

Evaluation of iron content in bakery flour samples of Tehran, Iran

Deposition, Dietary Exposure and Human Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Mechanically Milled Maize Flours in Mbarara City, Uganda

Assessing Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals in Food: A Bibliometric Analysis

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