Potential significance of frost, topographic relief, and Acacia koa stands to restoration of mesic Hawaiian forests on abandoned rangeland

Scowcroft, Paul G.; Jeffrey, Jack

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00374-0

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Susceptibility to cold events is often common to all members of a genus, or even family, in plants. Variability in response to chill damage starts in some families at temperatures as high as 12 C (Scowcroft and Jeffrey, 1999;Allen and Ort, 2001).…”

Section: What Is 'Cooling'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations on Late Pleistocene cooling and precipitation in the lowland Neotropics

Bush

Silman

2004

J Quaternary Science

103

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Although accurate reconstructions of Amazonian palaeoclimates are central to understanding the distribution and history of Neotropical biodiversity, current reconstructions based on proxy data are discordant and subject to intense debate. We review some current thinking in Amazonian climatology and incorporate some new ideas in an attempt to explain the apparently contradictory records of palaeoprecipitation from across the Amazon Basin. We suggest that palaeoecologists need to recognise that organised convective radiation, the process that induces most wet season rainfall in Amazonia, should be treated as a phenomenon related to, but separate from, the passage of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Decoupling ITCZ migration from larger convective activity provides a mechanism to account for observed palaeoclimatic heterogeneity. Patterns of observed precipitation change are consistent with the long-term persistence of closed forest across much of Amazonia, indicating that the greatest changes in precipitation during the last glacial maximum came during the wet season, which would have little negative impact on forest extent. Neotropical cooling at the last glacial maximum (LGM) is widely accepted, although the estimates of that cooling range between 1 C and > 5 C. In answering the basic question 'What is meant by cooling?' we observe that interhemispheric ice mass asymmetry may have caused cooling to be manifested differently according to location. A terrestrial cooling of ca. 5 C, as well as radiative cooling and event-based cooling combined to induce vegetation change. Probably, both absolute temperature and mean monthly minima were reduced by polar air incursions in the northern Neotropics. However, in the southern Neotropics, mean monthly minima were reduced by more frequent incursions of Patagonian air masses, but absolute minima may have been largely unchanged.

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Section: What Is 'Cooling'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most tropical plants would probably be severely damaged by regular exposure to such low temperatures (e.g. King and Ball, 1998;Scowcroft and Jeffrey, 1999;Allen and Ort, 2001), and yet this section of the Amazon basin is species-rich in all Amazonian taxa.…”

Section: Event-related Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Late Pleistocene cooling and precipitation in the lowland Neotropics

Bush

Silman

2004

J Quaternary Science

103

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“…Globally, while some natural regeneration occurs in abandoned pasture land [56], in many systems pastures will not return to native forest without human intervention [57]. In Hawaiˈi, native forest is not growing on abandoned pastureland, possibly because of low resource-use efficiency of the native Hawaiian flora [58,59] and certainly because of competition from non-native grasses [60] and the fire cycle they help to create [61]. We employ an experimental approach to provide insight into potentially useful tools for achieving culturally and financially acceptable restoration targets [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Native Forest Understory: The Influence of Ferns and Light in a Hawaiian Experiment

Gould

Mooney

Nelson³

et al. 2013

Sustainability

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Ecological restoration is an increasingly important component of sustainable land management. We explore potential facilitative relationships for enhancing the costeffectiveness of restoring native forest understory, focusing on two factors: (1) overstory shade and (2) possible facilitation by a fern (Dryopteris wallichiana), one of few native colonists of pasture in our montane Hawaiˈi study system. We planted 720 understory tree seedlings and over 4000 seeds of six species under six planting treatments: a full factorial combination of low, medium and high light, situating plantings in either the presence or absence of a mature fern. After three years, 75% of outplanted seedlings survived. Seedling survivorship was significantly higher in the presence of a fern (79% vs. 71% without a fern) and in medium and low light conditions (81% vs. 64% in high light). Relative height was highest at low to medium light levels. After 2.2 years, 2.8% of the planted seeds germinated. We observed no significant differences in seed germination relative to light level or fern presence. Analyzing several approaches, we found nursery germination of seeds followed by outplanting ca. 20% less costly than direct seeding in the field. This study opens new questions about facilitation mechanisms that have the potential to increase the extent and effectiveness of restoration efforts.

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“…Consequently, ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and water budgets, have been altered (Scowcroft and Jeffrey, 1999). As mentioned earlier, A. koa is one of the most important trees of the Hawaiian Islands and many efforts have been made for reforestation (Mitchell et al, 2005;Perkins et al, 2014).…”

Section: Acacia Koa Reforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botany, Ecology and Diversity of <i>Acacia koa</i> in the Hawaiian Islands

Ishihara¹,

Corpuz²,

Morden³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Acacia koa (koa) is a valuable leguminous timber-wood tree endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Over the past century, conversion of some native forests for agriculture and ranching, uncontrolled spread of invasive plant species and outbreak of a deadly fungal wilt disease severely reduced A. koa forests. However, recently there has been a growing interest in reestablishing A. koa as an agroforestry tree because the tree has significant importance in economy, ecology and culture of Hawai'i. This review presents the current knowledge on A. koa, including its ecological roles, various morphological forms, genetics, evolution and development of methods for seedling selection and propagation. A better understanding and awareness of the nature of A. koa will help successful development of wilt-resistant A. koa trees with high wood quality that can support Hawaii's ecology, economy and culture.

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Potential significance of frost, topographic relief, and Acacia koa stands to restoration of mesic Hawaiian forests on abandoned rangeland

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

Observations on Late Pleistocene cooling and precipitation in the lowland Neotropics

Observations on Late Pleistocene cooling and precipitation in the lowland Neotropics

Restoring Native Forest Understory: The Influence of Ferns and Light in a Hawaiian Experiment

Botany, Ecology and Diversity of <i>Acacia koa</i> in the Hawaiian Islands

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