Potential Side Effects of Whitening Toothpaste on Enamel Roughness and Micro Hardness

Abstract

Whitening toothpaste are easily obtained over the counter by consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the side effects of whitening toothpaste on enamel roughness and micro hardness which might contribute to increase caries risk. Methods: Enamel specimens were obtained from 60 unidentified freshly extracted human premolars. The enamel specimens were randomly divided into three groups; whitening toothpaste containing perlite, whitening toothpaste containing -phtalimido peroxycaproid acid (EURECO Ⓡ HC, Indonesia), and non-whitening toothpaste as control. Tooth brushing was performed equal to 1 and 3 months. Surface roughness tester was used to determine enamel roughness and Knoop Micro hardness tester was used to determine enamel micro hardness. Results: There were statistically significant differences in enamel roughness after 1 and 3 months equivalent tooth brushing between three groups. There were significant differences in enamel micro hardness values for all groups after three months-brushing which showed a decrease in micro hardness for whitening groups and an increase in micro hardness for non-whitening group. Conclusion: Tooth brushing with whitening toothpaste for a prolonged time increases enamel roughness and decreases enamel micro hardness, which in turn increases the potential of caries risk.

Effect of Actilux - Activated Whitening Toothpaste and Marine Salts on Color Change and Microhardness of Bovine Enamel

“…MS group showed statistically significantly lower mean value, whereas CR group showed the statistically significant lowest mean microhardness. Effect of time on microhardness of the three groups is shown in table (6). BW group; there was a statistically significant change in mean microhardness values during the study procedure.…”

“…Each specimen was brushed twice daily (morning and evening) for 2 minutes. A typical tooth surface in vivo brushed on average 5 seconds, twice a day (6) . Therefore, brushing the specimens for 8 and 15 days equals 1920 and 3600 seconds respectively.…”

“…Teeth whitening is an effective method for removal of tooth stains. It can be done with different methods and systems such as tooth bleaching and routine prophylactic procedures as brushing with whitening toothpaste (6) . Whitening toothpaste appeared as a low-cost alternative to white the discolored teeth without dentist supervision.…”

“…Furthermore, the abrasive components may lead to an undesirable effect on teeth surface as increasing surface wear of enamel (10) . So, an ideal whitening toothpaste should remove stains without affecting teeth surface properties (6) . Recently, whitening toothpastes change the color of teeth through adsorbing stains as activated charcoal/carbon (11) or optical modified by deposition of a thin, semitransparent film of bluish pigment on the surface such as blue covarine (12) .…”

Effect of Toothbrush Abrasion on Surface Roughness of Demineralized Enamel Treated With Resin Infiltration

“…Surface roughness of enamel incipient lesions plays a significant role in increasing the rate of plaque accumulation, maturation and retention, which has a drastic effect on caries and periodontal inflammation risk, and could also contribute to extrinsic staining of teeth. (29) Homogenously infiltrating the demineralized defect using a low viscosity resinous material would be beneficial in breaking the caries cycle. treated with resin infiltrate.…”