Potential Routes to Obtain Value-Added Iron-Containing Compounds from Red Mud

Gu, Hannian; Hargreaves, J. S. J.; Jiang, Jia‐Qian; Rico, José Luis

doi:10.1007/s40831-016-0112-2

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In Figure 6a, bands corresponding to a mixture of anatase (149, 400, 516, and 632 cm −1 ) and rutile (442 and 614 cm −1 ) were identified [44]. The spectrum presented in Figure 6b contains a series of characteristic bands of ferrous oxalate (206, 247, 521, 587, 917, 1437, 1470, and 1711 cm −1 ), similar to the ones observed in humboldtine [45] and ferrous oxalate obtained in previous comparable studies [34]. Consistent with the XRPD analyses, the Raman spectroscopic studies of the as-synthesized WA and WB products confirmed that titanium dioxide and ferrous oxalate appeared as the main crystalline phases, respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Obtained Iron And Titanium-based Com...supporting

confidence: 81%

“…In Figure 6a, bands corresponding to a mixture of anatase (149, 400, 516, and 632 cm −1 ) and rutile (442 and 614 cm −1 ) were identified [44]. The spectrum presented in Figure 6b contains a series of characteristic bands of ferrous oxalate (206, 247, 521, 587, 917, 1437, 1470, and 1711 cm −1 ), similar to the ones observed in humboldtine [45] and ferrous oxalate obtained in previous comparable studies [34]. 7a,c,e) are composed of finer particles (micronic particles < 10 µm and submicronic particles), these products remained suspended in the reaction medium, despite containing TiO 2 phases, denser than ferrous oxalate.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Obtained Iron And Titanium-based Com...supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Although ferrous oxalate is less common, it is considered an effective heterogeneous catalyst in advanced oxidation processes for eliminating a series of persistent organic pollutants from wastewaters [30][31][32][33]. It can also be a precursor for the synthesis of other materials such as ferrate (VI), whose ion has a strong oxidizing potential, beneficial for water treatment [34]. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition of ferrous oxalate allows for the synthesis of different magnetic nanoparticles, which can be used as adsorbents, catalysts, reinforcements in composites, sensors, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Step Synthesis of Iron and Titanium-Based Compounds Using Black Mineral Sands and Oxalic Acid under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2022

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Black mineral sands are widely used to obtain titanium dioxide, titanium, and, more recently, a variety of iron–titanium oxide nanostructures. Highly corrosive mineral acids or alkalis are commonly employed for this purpose. Hence, it is desirable to find eco-friendly ways to process these minerals, deriving high-added value materials. In this study, an Ecuadorian mineral sand precursor (0.6FeTiO3∙0.4Fe2O3 solid solution) was treated with oxalic acid aqueous solutions under subcritical water conditions. The synthesis was conducted in a batch reactor operating at 155 °C, 50 bar, and 700 rpm for 12 h, varying the oxalic acid concentration (0.1, 0.5 to 1.0 M). The as-obtained compounds were physically separated, dried, and analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The characterization showed that the precursor was completely converted into two main products, ferrous oxalate, and titanium dioxide polymorphs. Rutile was always found in the as-synthesized products, while anatase only crystallized with high oxalic acid concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 M). These results open the possibility to develop more sustainable routes to synthesize iron and titanium-based materials with promising applications.

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Section: Characterization Of the Obtained Iron And Titanium-based Com...supporting

confidence: 81%

“…In Figure 6a, bands corresponding to a mixture of anatase (149, 400, 516, and 632 cm −1 ) and rutile (442 and 614 cm −1 ) were identified [44]. The spectrum presented in Figure 6b contains a series of characteristic bands of ferrous oxalate (206, 247, 521, 587, 917, 1437, 1470, and 1711 cm −1 ), similar to the ones observed in humboldtine [45] and ferrous oxalate obtained in previous comparable studies [34]. 7a,c,e) are composed of finer particles (micronic particles < 10 µm and submicronic particles), these products remained suspended in the reaction medium, despite containing TiO 2 phases, denser than ferrous oxalate.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Obtained Iron And Titanium-based Com...supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Step Synthesis of Iron and Titanium-Based Compounds Using Black Mineral Sands and Oxalic Acid under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2022

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“…Recent studies have shown that hydrometallurgical treatment using various acids brings about different results for the extraction of different elements. In this regard, metals recovery from red mud by selective leaching has been reported mostly by sulfuric acid 11 – 17 , hydrochloric acid 9 , 18 – 20 , nitric acid 11 , 21 , phosphoric acid 11 , 22 , 23 , and oxalic acid 24 – 27 . Pepper et al 11 examined the selectivity of HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , and H 3 PO 4 in red mud extraction experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient utilization of red mud waste via stepwise leaching to obtain α-hematite and mesoporous γ-alumina

Karimi

Rahbar-Kelishami

2023

Sci Rep

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Utilizing the red mud sustainably is now a challenging issue. Red mud due to its wide production, presence of some radioactive elements, high alkalinity, and salinity, has a dramatic potential to contaminate soil and groundwater. Notwithstanding its drawbacks, Red mud consists several elements, including Ca, Al, Ti, Si, and Fe, in various mineral forms. In this study, stepwise leaching was applied as a proper method to separate and purify the main valuable elements using available and affordable HCl. The pre-leaching step under optimized conditions using HCl (0.2 M) at room temperature for 2 h removed 89% of the calcium content from red mud. To selectively remove the solid silica, the residue was treated with concentrated HCl (3.0 M, L/S of 20 mL/g) at 95 °C, resulting in the dissolution of iron and aluminum content with up to 90% efficiency. After precipitation of the Fe3+ and Al3+, they were characterized using FT-IR, BET, EDS, XRD, SEM and TEM monographs, confirming the formation of nanosized hematite (α-Fe2O3) and mesoporous gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3). Consequently, inexpensive red mud was converted into highly valuable nano-sized metal oxides using simple, sustainable techniques and cheap reagents. Moreover, this technique generates the lowest amounts of waste during the leaching process and all reagents can be recycled for further uses, making this method a sustainable utilization.

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“…Red mud is an alkaline solid waste produced in the process of producing alumina from bauxite [1]. For every 1 ton of alumina produced, 1-2 tons of red mud are generated [2,3]. Approximately 120 million tons of red mud are produced annually [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasonic and Ball Milling on Red Mud Desulfurization

Liu

Zhang

2022

Metals

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Red mud desulfurization is an environmentally friendly desulfurization technology. After desulfurization, the acidity of red mud slurry continues to be neutralized for processing new red mud, and no waste acid is generated. At present, there is a lack of research on desulfurization intensification in external fields, etc. To further enhance red mud desulfurization, this paper used an SO2 detector, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to compare and analyze red mud desulfurization under the action of ball mill and ultrasonic external fields. In this study, experiments were conducted using a bubbling and stirring reactor device. The results showed that the suitable red mud slurry concentration was 10 g/L. The raw red mud desulfurization (without external field condition) could reach 100% absorption in the first 25 min, and the desulfurization rate dropped to 81.3% at 80 min. The mechanism of red mud desulfurization was investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), XRF, and infrared spectroscopy. Under the action of the external field of the ball mill, the red mud particles could be refined to prolong the desulfurization time. The red mud after ball milling could reach 100% absorption within 33 min. Under the thermal effect of the ultrasound, 100% absorption could only be achieved within 23 min. From the desulfurization effect and XRF results, it was found that the ball mill was more suitable for promoting red mud desulfurization in the bubbling and stirring reactor.

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Potential Routes to Obtain Value-Added Iron-Containing Compounds from Red Mud

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

One-Step Synthesis of Iron and Titanium-Based Compounds Using Black Mineral Sands and Oxalic Acid under Subcritical Water Conditions

One-Step Synthesis of Iron and Titanium-Based Compounds Using Black Mineral Sands and Oxalic Acid under Subcritical Water Conditions

Efficient utilization of red mud waste via stepwise leaching to obtain α-hematite and mesoporous γ-alumina

Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasonic and Ball Milling on Red Mud Desulfurization

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