Potential roles of the gut microbiota in the manifestations of drug use disorders

Abstract

Drug use disorders (DUDs) not only cause serious harm to users but also cause huge economic, security, and public health burdens to families and society. Recently, several studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) can affect the central nervous system and brain functions. In this review, we focus on the potential role of the GM in the different stages of DUDs. First, the GM may induce individuals to seek novel substances. Second, the gut microbiota is involved in the decomposition and absorption of drugs. Symptoms of individuals who suffer from DUDs are also related to intestinal microorganisms. Third, the effects of the GM and its metabolites on drug relapse are mainly reflected in the reward effect and drug memory. In conclusion, recent studies have preliminarily explored the relationship between GM and DUDs. This review deepens our understanding of the mechanisms of DUDs and provides important information for the future development of clinical treatment for DUDs.

Yin and Yang of Gut Microbiota in Cocaine Abuse

“…Specifically, recent findings have revealed that individuals with substance addiction exhibit altered GM composition and diversity, which affect stress response, depression, immune modulation, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and dopamine. In this scenario, since many drugs of abuse are well known to alter gastrointestinal functionality through the alteration of GM structure [5], the relationship between GM dysbiosis and SUD has been widely documented in both rodents and humans. For instance, increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and altered gut-brain communication are noted in alcohol use disorder (AUD).…”