Potential Roles and Functions of Listerial Virulence Factors during Brain Entry

Banović, Franjo; Schroten, Horst; Schwerk, Christian

doi:10.3390/toxins12050297

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Finally, internal fragments of the internalin genes, such as inlA, inlB, inlC, and inlE, were carefully studied to supplement the MLST data for the Serbia-2019 strains with virulence gene analysis, according to recommendations [1,28,42]. Overall, five inlA/inlE, four inlB, and three inlC allelic variants were detected that correlated with a number of reports on the evident polymorphisms of the internalin proteins [22,24]. There was a certain correlation between the inlB/inlC/inlE allele profiles (841/82/177, respectively) and CC1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The aims of this study were: (a) to reveal genetic relationships of STs among the L. monocytogenes strains in the Republic of Serbia and worldwide by MLST technique; and (b) to determine the partial sequences of L. monocytogenes virulence genes which encode the proteins of the internalin family (namely, inlA, inlB, inlC and inlE), making them adhere and invade host cells [22,[24][25][26], by MvLST analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

et al. 2021

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Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is amongst the major food-borne pathogens in the world that affect mammal species, including humans. This microorganism has been associated with both sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of human listeriosis worldwide, with high mortality rates. In this study, the main sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) were investigated in all of the 13 L. monocytogenes strains originating from different sources in the Republic of Serbia in 2004–2019 and that were available in the BIGSdb-Lm database. We found at least 13 STs belonging to the phylogenetic lineages I and II. These strains were represented by ST1/ST3/ST9 of CC1/CC3/CC9, which were common in the majority of the European countries and worldwide, as well as by eight novel STs (ST1232/ST1233/ST1234/ST1235/ST1238/ST1236/ST1237/ST1242) of CC19/CC155/CC5/CC21/CC3/CC315/CC37, and the rare ST32 (clonal complex ST32) and ST734 (CC1), reported in the Republic of Serbia, the EU, for the first time. Our study confirmed the association of CC1 with cases of neuroinfection and abortions among small ruminants, and of CC3 and CC9 with food products of animal origin. The strains isolated in 2019 carried alleles of the internalin genes (inlA/inlB/inlC/inlE) characteristic of the most virulent strains from the hypervirulent CC1. These findings demonstrated the genetic relatedness between L. monocytogenes strains isolated in the Republic of Serbia and worldwide. Our study adds further information about the diversity of the L. monocytogenes genotypes of small ruminants and food products, as the strain distribution in these sources in Serbia had not previously been evaluated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

et al. 2021

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“…To date, many aspects of neurolisteriosis remain elusive. Specialized reviews have addressed the invasion of the brain by L. monocytogenes [ 275 , 276 ]. This pathogenic species is the only one from the genus Listeria that leads to central nervous system infection in humans and domestic ruminants [ 261 , 276 , 277 ].…”

Section: Listeriosis As Systemic Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

et al. 2021

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Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host’s gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host–pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.

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“…Bacteria invade the gut epithelial cells and cross the intestinal barrier to enter the bloodstream. The bacteria can infiltrate the brain from the blood or through the peripheral nerves, yet the precise mechanisms of infection remain to be fully understood ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Rare Listeria Meningoencephalitis in Immunocompetent Children in China

Dou

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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ObjectivesListeria meningoencephalitis (LMM) is very rare in healthy children. We aimed to assess the clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes of LMM in immunocompetent children through a retrospective study.MethodsThe clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features, antibiotic use, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) results of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from immunocompetent children who were diagnosed with LMM and admitted to the Xi'an Children's Hospital from May 2018 to July 2020.ResultsThe data from 8 immunocompetent children were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The cohort included data from 5 males and 3 females who were aged from 1 year and 7 months to 16 years and 6 months. A total of 4 patients had chilled food before onset. The complications included hyponatremia (3/8), hydrocephalus (2/8), and hemophagocytic syndrome (1/8). In total, 8 patients were diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes by positive CSF culture or mNGS results. The positive rate of CSF culture was 62.5% (5/8). A total of 5 patients conducted CSF mNGS, and the results of the mNGS were positive in 4 patients (80%, 4/5) and suspected in 1 patient. A total of 7 patients changed their therapeutic regimen to combined antibacterial therapies that included linezolid and meropenem (5/8), or ampicillin and meropenem (2/8). A total of 5 patients had favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOSE = 5) while two patients had unfavorable outcomes (GOSE = 1) and were complicated with hyponatremia and hydrocephalus.ConclusionsListeria meningoencephalitis (LMM) can occur in children with normal immune function and is commonly mistaken for other central nervous system infections. L. monocytogenes can be quickly and accurately detected by mNGS. Hyponatremia and hydrocephalus may indicate unfavorable outcomes.

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Potential Roles and Functions of Listerial Virulence Factors during Brain Entry

Cited by 8 publications

References 107 publications

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

A Retrospective Study of Rare Listeria Meningoencephalitis in Immunocompetent Children in China

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