Potential role of the skin microbiota in Inflammatory skin diseases

Chen, Pan; He, Guangwen; Qian, Jingru; Zhan, Yi; Xiao, Rong

doi:10.1111/jocd.13538

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…The human skin harbors around 1000 types of bacterial normal flora. Theoretically, normal flora is referred to as the bacterial normal flora since bacteria typically populates the human skin without causing any harm to healthy individuals [ 63 ]. Most of these bacteria live in the superficial layers of the stratum corneum and the upper parts of the hair follicles [ 64 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Normal Flora As a Protective Agent Towards Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Insights of Microbes’ Roles in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review

2021

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A diverse range of normal flora populates the human skin and numbers are relatively different between individuals and parts of the skin. Humans and normal flora have formed a symbiotic relationship over a period of time. With numerous disease processes, the interaction between the host and normal flora can be interrupted. Unlike normal wound healing, which is complex and crucial to sustaining the skin’s physical barrier, chronic wounds, especially in diabetes, are wounds that fail to heal in a timely manner. The conditions become favorable for microbes to colonize and establish infections within the skin. These include secretions of various kinds of molecules, substances or even trigger the immune system to attack other cells required for wound healing. Additionally, the healing process can be slowed down by prolonging the inflammatory phase and delaying the wound repair process, which causes further destruction to the tissue. Antibiotics and wound dressings become the targeted therapy to treat chronic wounds. Though healing rates are improved, prolonged usage of these treatments could become ineffective or microbes may become resistant to the treatments. Considering all these factors, more studies are needed to comprehensively elucidate the role of human skin normal flora at the cellular and molecular level in a chronic injury. This article will review wound healing physiology and discuss the role of normal flora in the skin and chronic wounds.

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Section: The Role Of Normal Flora As a Protective Agent Towards Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Insights of Microbes’ Roles in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review

2021

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“…For example, the Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus species predominate in moist microenvironments, while the Propionibacterium species is most present in the sebaceous glands. Allergic or inflammatory status may arise when changes in steady microbiome occur [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Skin Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, failure to maintain acidic skin pH may alert the diversity of skin microbiota [ 48 ]. Therefore, the unbalance of commensal-epidermal homeostasis may affect the cross-talk of epidermal commensal-specific Th1 and Th17 cells and the secretion of antimicrobial peptides from keratinocytes and then lead to the barrier disruption [ 48 , 49 ]. External stimulus and pathogens may then further impairer the skin barrier and result in inflammatory skin diseases.…”

Section: Skin Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Develop a Suitable Formulation for Inflammatory Skin Disease Treatment

Guo

Jee

2021

IJMS

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Skin barrier functions, environmental insults, and genetic backgrounds are intricately linked and form the basis of common inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis, which may seriously affect one’s quality of life. Topical therapy is usually the first line of management. It is believed that successful topical treatment requires pharmaceutical formulation from a sufficient dosage to exert therapeutic effects by penetrating the stratum corneum and then diffusing to the target area. However, many factors can affect this process including the physicochemical properties of the active compound, the composition of the formulation base, and the limitations and conditions of the skin barrier, especially in inflammatory skin. This article briefly reviews the available data on these issues and provides opinions on strategies to develop a suitable formulation for inflammatory skin disease treatment.

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“…[5][6][7][8] In particular, these commensal bacteria, although not directly responsible for infant SD, contribute to increase the "nutrients" that promote the growth of Malassezia species by hydroxylation of the sebum components. [5][6][7][8] Cradle cap is benign and self-limiting, but it can be distressing for parents. The mainstay treatments to cure mild-to-moderate localized forms include baby shampoos enriched with emollient agents (ie, vegetable oil, lactic acid) followed by gentle mechanical removal of loosen scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of cradle cap in infants with a new cosmetic non‐steroidal gel cream: Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation

Micali

Pulvirenti

Dall’Oglio

et al. 2021

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Cradle cap is a benign and self‐limiting variant of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) that can be distressing for parents. Aims To assess by clinical/laboratory/instrumental evaluation the efficacy/tolerability of a gel cream containing piroctone olamine (antifungal), biosaccharide gum‐2 (antifungal), stearyl glycyrrhetinate (anti‐inflammatory), and zinc l‐pyrrolidone carboxylate (zinc‐PCA) (antiseborrheic) in the treatment of mild/ moderate cradle cap. Methods In this prospective, open‐label trial, 10 infants, with mild/moderate cradle cap enrolled at the Dermatology University Clinic of Catania (Italy) used the tested gel cream twice daily for 30 days. Degree of erythema was evaluated clinically by a 5‐point severity scale (from 0=no erythema to 4=severe erythema), at baseline, at 15 and 30 days. Desquamation was rated by dermoscopy evaluation using a 5‐point scale (from 0=no desquamation to 4=severe/many large adherent white flakes), at all time points. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) using a 6‐point scale (from −1=worsening to 4=complete response/clear) was also performed at 30 days. Five subjects, randomly selected, underwent double microbiological evaluation for bacteria and yeasts by cultures of cotton swabs at baseline and at 30 days. Tolerability/acceptability was evaluated on a 4‐point scale (from 0=very poor to 3=excellent) at 15 and 30 days. Data were processed using SAS version 9. Results At baseline, a significant colony‐forming unit (CFU) count for Malassezia furfur and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 4 out of 5 selected patients. After 15 and 30 days, a statically significant reduction from baseline in erythema and desquamation severity was observed, along with a reduction in CFU count for Malassezia furfur and Staphylococcus aureus from baseline. No signs of local side effects were documented. Conclusions Our results indicate that the tested gel cream may represent a valid option to treat mild‐to‐moderate forms of cradle cap and support its antifungal and antibacterial properties.

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Potential role of the skin microbiota in Inflammatory skin diseases

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

The Insights of Microbes’ Roles in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review

The Insights of Microbes’ Roles in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review

Strategies to Develop a Suitable Formulation for Inflammatory Skin Disease Treatment

Treatment of cradle cap in infants with a new cosmetic non‐steroidal gel cream: Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation

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