Potential role of oxidative stress in mediating the effect of altered gravity on the developing rat cerebellum

Sajdel-Sulkowska, Elizabeth M.; Nguon, K.; Sulkowski, Z. L.; Lipiński, Bogusław

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.08.004

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An increase in cerebellar oxidative stress was also observed in rats exposed to hypergravity during the perinatal period (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al 2007). …”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The increased oxidative stress following hypergravity exposure may contribute to the decrease in Purkinje cell number and consequently the decreased motor behavior in hypergravity-exposed rats (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al 2007). Other studies (Raymond et al 2000) showed that under altered gravity, the gravity sensors develop normally, but the connections within the vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum are affected.…”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2013

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Life on Earth has developed under the influence of gravity and remains adapted to unit gravity. As different organisms evolved to survive optimally in water, ground, and air habitats, special adaptive mechanisms developed to deal with gravity. In humans and most land mammals, maintaining postural equilibrium requires constant integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems to compensate for gravity. The gravity sensors located in the inner ear make connections to the eyes, vestibulocerebellum, and postural muscles. The vestibulocerebellum, due to direct connections with the vestibular gravity receptors, is the primary gravity response center. It is involved in spatial orientation and regulation of gait and, together with the spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum, plays an important role in motor control. Several cerebellar pathologies, including ataxias and dystonia in humans and animals, are characterized by altered gravity perception and affect posture, gait, and small motor coordination and timing. In space, where the gravitational sense of up and down diminishes, the vestibulocerebellar system must adapt and establish a new way to interpret the altered gravitational environment. This chapter explores cerebellar disorders in the context of altered interactions with Earth's gravity in humans and animal models and the reaction of astronauts to altered gravity in space (microgravity). This chapter also considers the effects of microgravity and

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“…An increase in cerebellar oxidative stress was also observed in rats exposed to hypergravity during the perinatal period (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al 2007). …”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2013

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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“…Indeed, microgravity presents a significant hazard to space flight crews throughout the course of missions and could potentially lead to long-term decrements in quality of life (19). Studies have shown that both microgravity encountered by astronauts in space, as well as modeled microgravity on Earth, can induce many deleterious physiological effects including changes in brain structure and function (20). As with radiation, one of the mechanisms involved in the response to spaceflight is oxidative stress (21,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulated Microgravity and Low-Dose/Low-Dose-Rate Radiation Induces Oxidative Damage in the Mouse Brain

et al. 2016

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Microgravity and radiation are stressors unique to the spaceflight environment that can have an impact on the central nervous system (CNS). These stressors could potentially lead to significant health risks to astronauts, both acutely during the course of a mission or chronically, leading to long-term, post-mission decrements in quality of life. The CNS is sensitive to oxidative injury due to high concentrations of oxidizable, unsaturated lipids and low levels of antioxidant defenses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage in the brain cortex and hippocampus in a ground-based model for spaceflight, which includes prolonged unloading and low-dose radiation. Whole-body low-dose/low-dose-rate (LDR) gamma radiation using (57)Co plates (0.04 Gy at 0.01 cGy/h) was delivered to 6 months old, mature, female C57BL/6 mice (n = 4-6/group) to simulate the radiation component. Anti-orthostatic tail suspension was used to model the unloading, fluid shift and physiological stress aspects of the microgravity component. Mice were hindlimb suspended and/or irradiated for 21 days. Brains were isolated 7 days or 9 months after irradiation and hindlimb unloading (HLU) for characterization of oxidative stress markers and microvessel changes. The level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein, an oxidative specific marker for lipid peroxidation, was significantly elevated in the cortex and hippocampus after LDR + HLU compared to controls (P < 0.05). The combination group also had the highest level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression compared to controls (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the animals that received HLU only or combined LDR + HLU compared to control (P < 0.05). In addition, 9 months after LDR and HLU exposure, microvessel densities were the lowest in the combination group, compared to age-matched controls in the cortex (P < 0.05). Our data provide the first evidence that prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity and LDR radiation is associated with increased oxidative stress biomarkers that may increase the likelihood of brain injury and reduced antioxidant defense. NOX2-containing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH oxidase) may contribute to spaceflight environment-induced oxidative stress.

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“…A study in rats suggests that cardiomyocytes of rats exposed at +10 Gz for 5 min showed damaged mitochondrial ultrastructure, impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain, decreased content of antioxidant proteins, and increased oxidative stress [ 34 ]. A study in rats suggested that hypergravity influenced the development of the brain through increased oxidative stress on Purkinje cells [ 35 ]. Rats exposed to short (30 sec) +10 Gz stress showed increased brain lipid peroxidation [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Involved in Myocardial Injury in a Miniature Swine Model of Coronary Artery Stenosis Exposed to Acceleration-Associated Stress

et al. 2015

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of myocardial injury in a minimally-invasive miniature swine model with different levels of coronary artery stenosis (CAS) and exposed to maximal tolerated +Gz. Proximal left anterior descending branch was ligated in 20 swine. Five swine underwent a sham operation. A trapezoid acceleration curve was used for +Gz stress. Pathological changes of myocardial tissue were detected by H&E staining. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were detected by TUNEL. GRP78 and CHOP were investigated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. CAS models were successful in 18 animals.Compared with the sham-operated group (+8.00±0.71 Gz), the maximal tolerated +Gz values of the moderate stenosis (+6.00±0.89 Gz, P<0.05) and severe stenosis groups (+5.20±0.84 Gz, P<0.05) were decreased.Compared with sham animals (12.16±1.25%), after exposure to maximum +Gz, apoptotic cells of the moderate (43.53±8.42%, P<0.05) and severe stenosis group (60.50±9.35%, P<0.05) were increased, MDA content was increased (1.89 and 4.91 folds, respectively, P<0.05), and SOD activity was reduced (-13.66% and -21.71%, respectively). After exposure to maximum +Gz, GRP78 protein expression was low in the sham-operated (0.29±0.05) and mild stenosis groups (0.35±0.04), while expression was high in the moderate (0.72±0.04, P<0.05) and severe stenosis groups (0.65±0.07, P<0.05). CHOP protein expression was not observed in the sham-operated group, while expression was high in the moderate and severe stenosis groups. These results indicated that Under maximum exposure to +Gz stress, different levels of CAS led to different levels of myocardial injury. Endoplasmic reticulum response is involved in the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes after +Gz stress.

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Potential role of oxidative stress in mediating the effect of altered gravity on the developing rat cerebellum

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Simulated Microgravity and Low-Dose/Low-Dose-Rate Radiation Induces Oxidative Damage in the Mouse Brain

Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Involved in Myocardial Injury in a Miniature Swine Model of Coronary Artery Stenosis Exposed to Acceleration-Associated Stress

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