Potential role of bio-inoculants and organic matter for the management of root-knot nematode infesting chickpea

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted during 2013-14 to observe the potential role of some organics and bio-organics such as Calotropis procera, Glomus fasciculatum, and Azotobacter chroococcum on some growth attributes of chickpea and subsequently on the root-knot development caused by Meloidogyne incognita. Individual and conjoint treatments significantly enhanced the plant growth parameters as compared to unamended control. Physiological parameter such as chlorophyll content also exhibited significant improvement in all the treatments over non-amended control. The highest improvement in growth parameters of chickpea was observed in combined application of G. fasciculatum and A. chroococcum in pots amended with C. procera. Moreover, combined treatments of both bio-inoculants and C. procera markedly reduced the multiplication and reproduction rate of rootknot nematodes in terms of number of root galls and nematode population. Percent mycorrhization in terms of external and internal colonizations was increased significantly in plant amended with organic and bio-organics conjointly. The regression studies revealed significant relationship between number of galls and some plant growth variables. Present findings may promote organic-based farm products and eco-friendly management of M. incognita as this is a safer and cost-effective option.

Bio-fertilizers’ protocol for controlling root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica infecting peanut fields

“…Moreover, A. chroococcum either single or combined with NPK treatments showed the greatest increase in number of pods, in addition NPK + Az combined treatment exhibited significant increase in pods weight, weight of 200 seeds, peanut crop production and oil content. This result is in harmony with the finding of Akram et al (2016) who indicated that the application of A. chroococcum singly or combined with Glomus fasciculatum significantly increased growth parameters of chickpea plant infected with M. incognita than the control. These results could be discussed on the basis that soil bacteria Azotobacter, has been reported to produce growth promoting substances as auxins, cytokine, gibberellins and these bioactive compounds stimulate plant growth.…”

Azotobacter: A potential bio-fertilizer for soil and plant health management

“…Among the fungal biofertilizers, phosphate solubilizing mycorrhizal fungi has reported to make best consortium with Azotobacter in enhancing plant growth attributes ( Behl et al, 2003 ). Synergistic interaction between the free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, Azotobacter and AM fungus, Glomus are reported by several workers ( Ishac et al, 1986 , Akram et al, 2016 ). Bagyaraj and Menge (1978) studied the impact of inoculating tomato plants with Glomus fasciculatum and Azotobacter chroococcum either individually or concomitantly on the population of rhizospheric bacteria.…”

“…Such hormones stem from the rhizosphere or root surface and impose positive effects on the growth of the higher plants growing in the nearby areas. Barakat and Gabr, 1998 , Puertas and Gonzales, 1999 , Baral and Adhikari, 2013 , Akram et al, 2016 observed that plant dry weight of different crops like tomato, maize and chickpea was considerably greater on the application of Azotobacter chroococcum as compared to un-inoculated plants.…”

“…Azotobacter provided good protection to the plants by aggressively colonizing the roots of wheat crops. Akram et al (2016) found that disease incidence by root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was significantly reduced when A. chroococcum was applied to chickpea plants. Several mechanisms can be implicated behind the management strategies used by the bacteria for the control of plant diseases.…”

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization with bio-inoculants on the sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

“…Dual inoculation of biofertilizers and neem cake along with a 100% recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizer brought about a greater reduction in root-knot development as well as the multiplication of plant-parasitic nematodes. Akram et al (2016) found that disease incidence by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was significantly reduced when A. chroococcum was applied to chickpea plants. Several mechanisms can be implicated in the management strategies used by bacteria for the control of plant diseases.…”