Potential Risk of Three Zoonotic Protozoa (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii) Transmission from Fish Consumption

Moratal, Samantha; Dea-Ayuela, María Auxiliadora; Cardells, Jesús; Marco-Hirs, Naima María; Puigcercós, Silvia; Lizana, Víctor; López-Ramon, Jordi

doi:10.3390/foods9121913

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…When all data (positive fish and hand wash samples) were considered and, depending on host factors, such as immune status and pre-existing illnesses, it was estimated that on average 1–8 out of 10 anglers could become infected by Cryptosporidium (Roberts et al , 2007 ). Thus, edible fish would extend the range of foodstuffs involved in the transmission of cryptosporidiosis, the aetiological agent of which is responsible for 8.6 million cases of foodborne illness annually worldwide (Ryan et al , 2018 ; Moratal et al , 2020 ; Zahedi and Ryan, 2020 ).…”

Section: Fish As Potential Hosts Of Zoonotic Cryptosporidiu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current status of Cryptosporidium in fish

2022

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Species of the genus Cryptosporidium (phylum Apicomplexa) infect the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of several vertebrate hosts, including humans and domestic and wild animals. In the past 20 years, several studies have focused on Cryptosporidium in fish. To date, a total of four piscine-host-specific species (Cryptosporidium molnari, Cryptosporidium huwi, Cryptosporidium bollandi and Cryptosporidium abrahamseni), nine piscine genotypes and more than 29 unnamed genotypes have been described in fish hosts. In addition, Cryptosporidium species and genotypes typical of other groups of vertebrates have also been identified. This review summarizes the history, biology, pathology and clinical manifestations, as well as the transmission, prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in wild, cultured and ornamental fish from both marine and freshwater environments. Finally, the potential role of piscine hosts as a reservoir of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species is also discussed.

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Section: Fish As Potential Hosts Of Zoonotic Cryptosporidiu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current status of Cryptosporidium in fish

2022

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“…But it is no more specific, requiring direct sequencing for definitive confirmation of T. gondii [ 191 ]. In addition, the techniques have been carried out in different matrices, such as the digestive tract, muscle, brain, and even gills, among others [ 192 ]. Serological techniques have also been used for the detection in fish, such as ELISA, by detecting IgG and IgM, suggesting the fish are actually infected with T. gondii [ 193 ], rather than just serving as paratenic hosts such as shellfish.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Food P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

Marín-García

Planas

Llobat

2022

Foods

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.

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“…Fish is a rich source of various nutrients, and one of the most commonly consumed sustenance worldwide (1). Per capita fish consumption is steadily increasing, especially in developed countries (2), and even small effects on individual health could be contributing to public health. The nutritional components of fish, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been reported to have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancers, and psychiatric illnesses, to exert immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects, and to affect blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism in previous experimental studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish consumption in multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational and clinical studies

H¹,

Wang²,

Peng³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to be associated with numbers of health benefits, and which can be uptake from fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence of associations between consumption of fish and diverse health outcomes. Here, we performed an umbrella review to summarize the breadth, strength, and validity of the evidence derived from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of fish consumption on all health outcomes. Methods:The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses and the quality of the evidence were assessed by the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) tools, respectively. The umbrella review identified 91 meta-analyses with 66 unique health outcomes, of which 32 outcomes were beneficial, 34 showed nonsignificant associations and only one was harmful (myeloid leukemia).Results: A total of 17 beneficial associations [all-cause mortality, prostate cancer mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), glioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), oral cancer, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), triglycerides, vitamin D, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and multiple sclerosis (MS)], and eight nonsignificant associations [colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), prostate cancer, renal cancer, ovarian cancer, hypertension, ulcerative colitis (UC), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] were evaluated as moderate/high quality of evidence. According to dose-response analyses, consumption of fish, especially fatty types, seems generally safe at one-two servings per week and could exert protective effects.Conclusions: Fish consumption is often associated with a variety of health outcomes, both beneficial and harmless, but only about 34% of the associations were graded as based on a moderate/high quality of evidence, and additional multicenter high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a large sample size are needed to verify these findings in the future.

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Potential Risk of Three Zoonotic Protozoa (Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Toxoplasma gondii) Transmission from Fish Consumption

Cited by 19 publications

References 127 publications

A review of the current status of Cryptosporidium in fish

A review of the current status of Cryptosporidium in fish

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

Fish consumption in multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational and clinical studies

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