Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non‐injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors

Neaigus, Alan; Miller, Maureen; Friedman, Samuel R.; Hagen, Debra; Sifaneck, Stephen J.; Ildefonso, Gilbert; Jarlais, Don C. Des

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9668476.x

Cited by 145 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…11 This desire to reduce the transition to injection has begun to focus scientific interest upon persons who sniff heroin and the factors that may facilitate or impede a transition from heroin sniffing to heroin injection. 9,[12][13][14][15][16][17] The extant literature on transition is not as extensive as one might expect. The strongest investigations are primarily epidemiological in orientation and concentrate upon the identification of multiple risk factors associated with the transition to injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strongest investigations are primarily epidemiological in orientation and concentrate upon the identification of multiple risk factors associated with the transition to injection. 9,[14][15][16][17][18][19] Some factors are common across most studies while others are observed in only a few studies. A past history of injection and having a close relationship-in most cases a sexual partner-with injection drug users have been identified consistently as important risk factors for injection by a majority of studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A past history of injection and having a close relationship-in most cases a sexual partner-with injection drug users have been identified consistently as important risk factors for injection by a majority of studies. 9,[14][15][16][17] Number of years of heroin use, high frequency of heroin sniffing, and recent use of heroin have been documented as risk factors by several studies. 14,15,17 A history of physical abuse has been documented as a risk factor by two studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,[14][15][16][17] Number of years of heroin use, high frequency of heroin sniffing, and recent use of heroin have been documented as risk factors by several studies. 14,15,17 A history of physical abuse has been documented as a risk factor by two studies. 17,19 Unemployment, 15 being tattooed, 17 dropping out of high school, 19 trading sex for drugs or money, 19 being homeless, 17 and having sniffed speedball 9 have been recognized as potential risk factors as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15,17 A history of physical abuse has been documented as a risk factor by two studies. 17,19 Unemployment, 15 being tattooed, 17 dropping out of high school, 19 trading sex for drugs or money, 19 being homeless, 17 and having sniffed speedball 9 have been recognized as potential risk factors as well. A history of drug treatment, 9 exposure to an injection prevention program 9 and being African-American 19 were identified as protective factors by at least one study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors Associated with the Transition with Transition to Heroin Injection: A Street Addict Role Perspective

Sánchez

Chitwood²,

Koo³

2006

J Urban Health

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The purpose of this paper is to identify characteristics of heroin sniffers likely to shift to injection by evaluating the street addict role theory as an informing theoretical framework to explain transition from heroin sniffing to injection. A nested case-control research design was used to identify 142 heroin sniffers who never had injected a drug (controls) and 146 recently transitioned injection drug users (cases) from a larger study of 600 African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women who were street recruited from multiple communities known for high drug use. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses derived from the street addict role theory. Our findings partially support the utility of the street addict role perspective as an explanatory framework for understanding the role played by sociocultural factors in the transition to injection. This perspective can help contextualize this HIV-related behavior within the high risk social environment of heroin users. The development of effective prevention strategies for this group should be guided by a comprehensive understanding of the social environment where HIV-related risk behaviors occur.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk Factors Associated with the Transition with Transition to Heroin Injection: A Street Addict Role Perspective

Sánchez

Chitwood²,

Koo³

2006

J Urban Health

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Opiates and Addiction

Vocci

2007

Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology

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Abuse of and dependence on opiates is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a worldwide problem, with millions of people directly involved. In addition to the risks posed with the abusc of opiates, the common practice of injection drug use (and to a lesser extent, sexual relationships with injection drug users), results in significant risk of contracting Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Hepatitis C infections. l the past 10 years, the abuse pattern of opiates in the United States has changed in two ways: the heroin purity has increasing, facilitating use by the intranasal and pulmonary routes, and abuse of prescription opiates has increased. More adolescents are abusing opiates, resulting in a greater need for treatment. Prescription opiate abusers primarily use the oral route of administration but about one in eight moves onto injection practices. The geographic distribution of abuse suggests that the greatest problem with abuse of prescription opiates is in nonmetropolitan areas, forming a new challenge for the treatment system. Responses to increased treatment demands in the United States can be met by the newest pharmacotherapies, buprenorphine (SUBUTEX) and buprenorphinelnaloxone (SUBOXONE), which can be prescribed by qualified physicians. Additionally, the increased use of methadone in “office‐based practice” would be a second approach to increase treatment capacity. Finally, non‐opiate medications are the current focus ofresearch in the management of opiate abuse and dependence disorders. These medications could be used as both adjuncts to agonist pharmacothcorapy or as “stand alone” therapies.

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Women and Injecting

Oretti¹,

Gregory²

2005

Injecting Illicit Drugs

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Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non‐injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors

Cited by 145 publications

References 37 publications

Risk Factors Associated with the Transition with Transition to Heroin Injection: A Street Addict Role Perspective

Risk Factors Associated with the Transition with Transition to Heroin Injection: A Street Addict Role Perspective

Opiates and Addiction

Women and Injecting

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