Potential release of legacy nitrogen from soil surrounding onsite wastewater leaching pools

Shahraki, Zahra Maleki; Mao, Xinwei; Waugh, Stuart; Lotfikatouli, Sarah; Walker, Harold W.; Gobler, Christopher J.; Wanlass, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115241

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…39 Due to the poor N removal performance, OWTSs have been identified as one of the major contributors to the excess nitrogen loading, leading to a high eutrophication potential. 4,40 Many coastal regions in the United States, such as New England states, New York, Florida, and Hawaii, are developing rules and regulations to upgrade the conventional septic systems to innovative and advanced OWTSs (I/A OWTSs), resulting in around 60% reduction in marine and freshwater eutrophication potential. 4,41 However, these regulations and rules only set discharge limits for total nitrogen.…”

Section: Seasonal Impact On Don Composition and Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effluent DON may also impact the extent of eutrophication if these filtration-based OWTSs are installed for dense population, which may increase the total DON mass loading to the groundwater and contribute to the legacy nitrogen pool. 40 Another potential environmental issue was the nitrogenousdisinfection byproduct formation potential (N-DBP) during the disinfection process when the final effluent is reclaimed for portable/non-portable use. The removal of pathogenic microorganisms from wastewater has raised great attention during the pandemic of COVID-19.…”

Section: Seasonal Impact On Don Composition and Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization, Transformation, and Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Biofilters Treating Domestic Onsite Wastewater

et al. 2022

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This study investigated the transformation, bioavailability, and seasonal changes of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in nitrogen removing biofilters (NRBs) treating domestic onsite wastewater. The results demonstrated that NRBs were able to remove 92.6–94.3% DON from septic tank effluent with low effluent DON concentrations (0–5.8 mg N L–1), comparable to the levels detected in the tertiary municipal wastewater treatment plant. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic DON were efficiently removed by the sand filters, while additional hydrophilic DON (0.8–1.8 mg N L–1) was produced in the lignocellulose/sand layer due to soluble microbial product formation. Seasonal change (i.e., temperature variation) did not impact the effluent DON composition or its removal efficiency by NRBs, while higher concentrations of hydrophilic DON (1.7–2.5 mg N L–1) were detected in the final effluent during the summer months (16.4–22.9 °C). DON in the NRB effluent had a higher potential to stimulate algal growth than other nitrogen forms (NH4 + and NO x –), confirmed by higher chlorophyll-a concentrations observed in the bioassay tests. The results suggest the DON levels in the final effluent of an onsite wastewater treatment system shall also be considered in onsite wastewater quality management and the effluent discharge regulations.

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Section: Seasonal Impact On Don Composition and Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonal Impact On Don Composition and Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Transformation, and Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Biofilters Treating Domestic Onsite Wastewater

et al. 2022

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“…Nitrogen-removing biofilters are engineered biofiltration systems that consist of (a) an unsaturated top sand layer (aerobic) for biological oxygen demand removal and nitrification and (b) a bottom saturated lignocellulose/sand layer (anaerobic) for heterotrophic denitrification. These systems have been reported to be effective in nutrient (N and P) removal from onsite wastewater (Waugh et al, 2020;Wehrmann et al, 2020). The subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) contains a wastewater distribution unit and a selected type of media, such as soil and gravel, below the distribution unit (C. Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional OWTS, which is comprised of a septic tank followed by a drain field or a leaching pool (USEPA, 2002b), can provide a limited level of nutrient and pathogen removal, depending on the soil characteristics (Amador & Loomis, 2019). On‐site wastewater is one of the largest sources of legacy N in soil, and the excess nutrients released into shallow groundwater threaten drinking water quality and are directly linked to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (Kinney & Valiela, 2011; Meter et al., 2018; Shahraki et al., 2020; Wolfe & Patz, 2002). The composition of the wastewater stream (i.e., septic tank effluent [STE]) fluctuates significantly in an OWTS because many factors (e.g., weather conditions, the number of people living on site, and the water use pattern) affect contaminant levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar application in biofiltration systems to remove nutrients, pathogens, and pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater

Shahraki

Mao

2022

J of Env Quality

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Although conventional on‐site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) provide only primary treatment of domestic wastewater, removal of a limited level of nutrients (N, P), pathogens, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) could be achieved by such a treatment process. Biochar has the capacity to remove various contaminants and has been widely used as an ideal soil amendment in agriculture due to its persistence, superior nutrient‐retention properties, low cost, and ready availability. However, few applications on the use of biochar in onsite wastewater treatment have been explored. In this review, we systematically reviewed the applications of biochar in filtration‐based OWTSs for nutrient (N, P) removal and recovery as well as pathogen and PPCP removal. Although adsorption was the main mechanism for P, pathogen, and PPCP removal, biochar can also serve as the growth media for enhanced biological degradation, improves available alkalinity, and increases water holding capacity in the OWTSs. The biochar source, surface modification methods, and preparation procedures (e.g., pyrolysis temperature change) have significant effects on contaminant removal performance in biochar‐amended OWTSs. Specifically, contradictory results have been reported on the effect of pyrolysis temperature change on biochar removal performance (i.e., increased, decreased, or no change) of N, P, and PPCPs. Wastewater composition and environmental pH also play important roles in the removal of nutrients, pathogens, and PPCPs. Overall, biochar holds great potential to serve as an alternative filtration material or to be amended to the current OWTS to improve system performance in removing a variety of contaminants at low cost.

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“…The potential release of this nitrogen in two environmentally relevant leaching scenarios: (i) concrete leaching ponds used as the final discharge unit for aerobic treatment unit (ATU) wastewater; (ii) increased extreme weather events (torrent/heavy rain) flow and dilute the composition of the water flowing into the pool. Core sample analysis indicated that organic nitrogen accounted for a large proportion of total nitrogen (TN) in site A (4.1 +/-0.6 mg N/g soil) and site B (3.0 +/-0.4 mg N) part (97.3-99.7%)/g soil); ammonium is the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen present in the field [4]. The existing research points out the direction for the application of the modified chitosan based on the optimized design in the treatment of microbial leaching wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Chitosan Based on Optimized Design in the Treatment of Microbial Leaching Wastewater

2022

AJEB

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Currently, microbial leaching wastewater has caused immeasurable damage to the environment, so this wastewater must be properly treated to reduce environmental and biological damage. The purpose of this work is to study the physicochemical properties of chitosan, based on the optimized design of modified chitosan in microbial leaching wastewater treatment, using citric acid (CA) as the cross-linking agent chitosan (CTS) and two modified chitosan Chitosan, Chitosan-Citric Acid (CTS-CA) and Chitosan-Citrate-β-Cyclodextrin (CTS-CA-CD) from β-Cyclodextrin (CD) to Explore Modification Mechanisms. At the same time, the prepared modified chitosan was applied to the adsorption research of dye wastewater and heavy metal wastewater. With the increase of reaction temperature, the adsorption capacity of modified chitosan to Ni2+ also increased. It shows that the temperature is beneficial to the adsorption process. The higher the temperature, the better the adsorption effect of modified chitosan on Ni2+. The effect of initial solution pH on the adsorption process showed that at pH 7, the adsorption capacity of CTS-CA for Ni2+ was 33 mg/g, and the adsorption capacity of CTS-CA-CD for Ni2+ was 37 mg/g.

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Potential release of legacy nitrogen from soil surrounding onsite wastewater leaching pools

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Characterization, Transformation, and Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Biofilters Treating Domestic Onsite Wastewater

Characterization, Transformation, and Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Biofilters Treating Domestic Onsite Wastewater

Biochar application in biofiltration systems to remove nutrients, pathogens, and pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater

Modified Chitosan Based on Optimized Design in the Treatment of Microbial Leaching Wastewater

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