Potential recyclable materials derived from riverine litter at log boom Sungai Batu in Kuala Lumpur

Riverine Litter Assessment and Recycling Potential Along Sungai Kelantan at Kampung Pasir Era, Kelantan, Malaysia

“…Everything visible within the given area that is attributable to human activity was collected. 14 days of sampling for riverine litter collection was conducted within the months of August to October as per Malik and Manaf (2018). These months are usually rainy seasons in Malaysia.…”

“…The term riverine litter refers to litter present in rivers and on river bank referred to it as solid waste being disposed or washed away into the river (Malik & Manaf 2018). Small urban rivers are thought to be major sources of riverine litter, especially macro-plastics, into the ocean (Tramoy et al, 2022).…”

Application of Frequency Analysis on Peak River Discharge toward the Cumulative Floatable Litter Load at Log Boom Sungai Batu

“…The result shows that the estimated cumulative floatable litter loads are increasing with the increase of return periods. The estimated discharge derived from the Gumbel distribution method was 28.70 m 3 .00 kg/day and 55354.60 kg/day at 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 years return period, respectively. However, the high value of discharge also may cause the overflow of floatable litter beyond the normal capacity of log boom.…”

“…The issue of floatable litter is very challenging in Malaysia as the accumulation of floatable litter in the river is mainly influenced by the rapid population growth, urbanization and development, indirectly resulted to the changes of hydrological processes in river discharge, decreasing the water quality and aesthetical value of the river as it is highly visible pollutant. Moreover, there are still limited studies on the floatable litter in the river [1][2][3] as compared to the marine litter studies due to the complexity in conducting the floatable litter assessment which requires a wide temporal integrative sampling method [4].…”

“…Floatable litter also has been described as the urban litter [5] which commonly found in the river due to fly tipping [4,6]; littering activities and lack of policies integration between water and environmental management [7]; tourism activity [8]; inefficient of riverine litter management and maintenance [3] and lack of environmental awareness [7], subsequently becomes a major threat to the sustainability of environment, condition of socio -economic and public health. The accumulation of floatable litter also is mainly influenced by several factors such as physical characteristic of catchment [9][10][11]; land use types [6]; seasonality on climatic condition of rainfall pattern [11] and surface runoff [4,12].…”