Potential Protective Protein Components of Cow’s Milk against Certain Tumor Entities

Leischner, Christian; Egert, Sarah; Burkard, Markus; Venturelli, Sascha

doi:10.3390/nu13061974

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…When studies regarding the effect of purified/synthetized BCM peptides were reviewed, it was reported that they may improve the proliferation of lymphocytes and the generation of antibodies, while negatively regulate the proliferation of leukemia cells ( 16 , 21 ). The anti-proliferative effect of BCM-7 has also been reported in a series of studies on prostatic cancer cells, breast cancer T47D cells and HL-60 promyeloic leukemia cells ( 23 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality

et al. 2022

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Beta-casein makes up about 30% of the total protein contained in milk and can be present in cows' milk in two distinct forms (A1 or A2) or as a combination of the two. The only difference between these two variants of β-casein (β-CN) is a single amino acid substitution. This results in a different behavior of the protein upon enzymatic cleavage, following human consumption or due to microbial action. In most of the commercially available milk containing A1 or A1/A2 β-CN variants, the β-casomorphin-7 peptide (BCM-7) is released upon digestion and during cheese manufacturing/ripening, while this does not happen with A2 milk. BCM-7 is a known μ-opioid receptor agonist that may influence the gastro-intestinal physiology directly and may also exert effects elsewhere in the body, such as on the cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine systems. The present article is aimed at a revision of prior review papers on the topic, with a focus on the impact of ingestion of A1 β-CN milk and A2 β-CN milk on any health-related outcomes and on the impact of A1 or A2 β-CN variant on technological properties of cows' milk. When systematic reviews were considered, it was possible to conclude that A2 β-CN exerts beneficial effects at the gastrointestinal level compared with A1 β-CN, but that there is no evidence of A1 β-CN having negative effects on human health. Physicochemical differences among cows' milk containing either β-CN A2 or β-CN A1 and their effects on technological properties are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality

et al. 2022

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“…It was not until the 2010s that an increase occurred, and reviews of the implications of β-casein variants for human health were published [ 3 , 18 , 19 , 34 ]. During the years 2020 and 2021, the maximum number of publications on this topic was reached [ 14 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Research Trends on Milk Containing Only A2 β-Casein: A Bibliometric Study

Jiménez-Montenegro

Alfonso

Mendizábal

et al. 2022

Animals

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The protein fraction of β-casein may play a key role in the manifestation of a new intolerance: milk protein intolerance. The most common forms of β-casein among dairy cattle breeds are A1 and A2 β-casein. During gastrointestinal digestion of A1 β-casein, an opioid called peptide β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is more frequently released, which can lead to adverse health outcomes. For that reason, novel products labelled as “A2 milk” or “A1-free dairy products” have appeared on the market. In this context, a bibliometric analysis on A2 β-casein research was carried out through the Web of Science (WoS) database. The main objective of this work was to provide an overview of the state of the art in the field of β-casein A2 by analyzing the number of publications per year, trends in thematic content, the most frequently used terms, and the most important institutions and countries in the field. This bibliometric study showed that a greater effort is needed to determine the possible implications of this novel product for human health and the market.

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“…Moreover, the casein and whey protein fractions of milk showed antitumor effects in an animal model as well as in vitro antiproliferative activity [36]. In addition, Elzoghby et al [37] reported that casein nanoparticles can be used to encapsulate the hydrophobic anticancer drug, flutamide, to control the drug release, improve its anti-tumor activity, and decrease its hepatotoxicity.…”

Section: Anticancer Activity Of Mp and Mpmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect

et al. 2021

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The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and Ziziphus spina-christi mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical properties of milk protein mucilage complexes (MPMC) including pH, Carr’s index, water solubility, and water absorption indices were measured, and the flow behavior was studied. In addition, the amino acid profile, protein digestibility, and phenolic and flavonoids content of MPMC were explored, and the microstructure of the complexes was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant and anticancer potencies of MPMC against two cancerous cell lines, human liver cancer HEPG-2 and breast cancer MCF-7, in comparison with two normal cell lines, namely, Bj-1 and MCF-12F, were tested using neutral red uptake assay. The results revealed that MPMC had scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and HS radicals. Moreover, MPMC has the potential to prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in Type-Fenton’s reaction. The results of the neutral red assay showed significant growth inhibition of both HEPG-2, MCF-7, whereas no significant cytotoxic effect was detected against Bj-1 and MCF-12F. RT-qPCR results indicated MPMC stimulated apoptosis as revealed by the upregulation of the pro-apoptosis gene markers Casepase-3, p53, Bax. Meanwhile, the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gene was downregulated. However, no significant difference was observed in normal cell lines treated with MPMC. In conclusion, MPMC can be considered as a promising anticancer entity that can be used in the development of novel cancer therapeutics with comparable activity and minimal side effects compared to conventional cancer chemotherapies.

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Potential Protective Protein Components of Cow’s Milk against Certain Tumor Entities

Cited by 18 publications

References 128 publications

A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality

A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality

Worldwide Research Trends on Milk Containing Only A2 β-Casein: A Bibliometric Study

Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect

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