Potential Prognostic Indicators for Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion

Abstract

The second most prevalent cause of retinal vascular disease is retinal vein occlusion (RVO). RVO raises intravascular pressure in the capillary and veins, triggering vessel barrier collapse and subsequent leaking of blood or plasma components into the tissue (edema). Macular edema (ME) is a major complication of RVO that results in significant visual impairment. Laser therapy, intravitreal steroid injections, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are the major therapeutic techniques. Different therapies reduce ME of RVO and improve visual activity. However, some people have no impact on the resolution of ME, while others have a poor visual prognosis despite full ME cure. There are many investigators who studied the relationship between indicators of various instruments with visual activity. However, a summary of those findings is currently lacking. Therefore, we will focus on the predictive factors of different studies associated with positive visual activity outcomes, which would be very useful and important to help address both treatment expectations and methods for patients with RVO.

Macular dynamics and visual acuity prognosis in retinal vein occlusions—Ways to connect

“…Still, in our study, we judged this macular feature's role based on BCVA evolution, and no statistically signi cant results were found. Therefore, we cannot establish this aspect as a predictive one in visual acuity outcomes [7].…”

“…On the other hand, although it has been considered a reference point, no signi cant and reliable results have been obtained in order to establish a connection between central macular thickness (CMT) and visual acuity prognosis [6]. Several macular features have received a lot of interest in recent decades as possible prognosis factors: hyperre ective foci, foveal intraretinal hemorrhage, ellipsoid zone disruption, retinal inner layers integrity, vitreomacular adhesion [7]. Some are already considered biomarkers of poor prognosis, others are viewed as biomarkers of weak treatment response, and some are still under question regarding their relevance in retinal vein occlusions.…”

Research progress on diagnosing retinal vascular diseases based on artificial intelligence and fundus images

“…Typical fundus changes in RVO patients include retinal hemorrhage, tortuous retinal vein dilatation, extensive retinal capillary non-perfusion area, and macular edema (Irgat and (Altintas and Ilhan, 2023;Patil et al, 2023). Some commonly used treatment methods in ophthalmology are mainly used to prevent and treat complications such as laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, vitreous injection of hormones, or anti-VEGF drugs (Ghanchi et al, 2022;Yin et al, 2022).…”

“…Late patients may have complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, and neovascular glaucoma, resulting in severe visual acuity loss and even blindness ( Altintas and Ilhan, 2023 ; Patil et al, 2023 ). Some commonly used treatment methods in ophthalmology are mainly used to prevent and treat complications such as laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, vitreous injection of hormones, or anti-VEGF drugs ( Ghanchi et al, 2022 ; Yin et al, 2022 ).…”

Multimodal deep transfer learning to predict retinal vein occlusion macular edema recurrence after anti-VEGF therapy

“…Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) complicated by macular edema (ME) is an ophthalmological disease that poses a grim threat to human vision [ 1 ]. The disruption of the vascular barrier and impaired return of tissue fluid return secondary to vascular occlusion are the main primary mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis; however, these mechanisms are still not fully understood [ 2 ]. Effective control of ME or prevention of post-treatment recurrence is important for preserving vision.…”