Potential predictors of depressive symptoms during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak among Brazilian adults

Mental disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America – a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 65 unique samples from 62 studies involving 196 950 participants from Latin America were included in this meta-analysis (Badellino et al ., 2020, 2022; Campos et al ., 2020, 2021 a , 2021 b ; Chen et al ., 2021 a , 2021 b ; Civantos et al ., 2020; Cortés-Álvarez et al ., 2020; Dal'Bosco et al ., 2020; De Boni et al ., 2020; Fernández et al ., 2020; Giardino et al ., 2020; Guiroy et al ., 2020; Malgor et al ., 2020; Martinez et al ., 2020; Medeiros et al ., 2020; Mier-Bolio et al ., 2020; Monterrosa-Castro et al ., 2020; Mora-Magaña et al ., 2020; Passos et al ., 2020; Paz et al ., 2020; Samaniego et al ., 2020; Schuch et al ., 2020; Yáñez et al ., 2020; Antiporta et al ., 2021; Boluarte-Carbajal et al ., 2021; Brito-Marques et al ., 2021; Cayo-Rojas et al ., 2021; Cénat et al ., 2021; Dantas et al ., 2021; de Oliveira Andrade et al ., 2021; Espinosa-Guerra et al ., 2021; Esteves et al ., 2021; Fernandez et al ., 2021; Ferreira et al ., 2021; Feter et al ., 2021; Flores-Torres et al ., 2021; García-Espinosa et al ., 2021; Goularte et al ., 2021; Landaeta-Díaz et al ., 2021; Loret de Mola et al ., 2021; Mautong et al ., 2021; Mendonca et al ., 2021; Mota et al ., 2021; Nayak et al ., 2021; Puccinelli et al ., 2021; Ribeiro et al ., 2021; Schmitt Jr et al ., 2021; Scotta et al ., 2021; Serafim et al ., 2021; Souza et al ., 2021; Torrente et al ., 2021 a , 2021 b ; Villela et al ., 2021; Vitorino et al ., 2021; Werneck et al ., 2021; Zhang et al ., 2021 a , 2021 c ; da Silva Júnior et al ., 2021; Robles et al ., 2021) (Table 1 and online Supplementary Table S2). Some studies include multiple independent samples.…”

“…For example, one study examined the prevalence of both general healthcare workers and frontline healthcare workers. Among them, 35 samples (53.85%) were of general populations (Passos et al ., 2020; Antiporta et al ., 2021; Boluarte-Carbajal et al ., 2021; de Oliveira Andrade et al ., 2021; Espinosa-Guerra et al ., 2021; Ferreira et al ., 2021; Landaeta-Díaz et al ., 2021; Mautong et al ., 2021; Ribeiro et al ., 2021; Schmitt Jr et al ., 2021; Souza et al ., 2021; Torrente et al ., 2021 b ; Vitorino et al ., 2021; Badellino et al ., 2022), two samples (3.08%) were of frontline healthcare workers (Dal'Bosco et al ., 2020; Robles et al ., 2021), 19 samples (29.22%) were from general healthcare workers (Chen et al ., 2020; Civantos et al ., 2020; Giardino et al ., 2020; Guiroy et al ., 2020; Malgor et al ., 2020; Monterrosa-Castro et al ., 2020; Mora-Magaña et al ., 2020; Samaniego et al ., 2020; Yáñez et al ., 2020; Zhang et al ., 2021 a ; Villela et al ., 2021; Nayak et al ., 2021; Dantas et al ., 2021; Mota et al ., 2021; Brito-Marques et al ., 2021; Campos et al ., 2021 b ; Mier-Bolio et al ., 2020; Robles et al ., 2021) and nine samples (13.85%) were based on university students (Medeiros et al ., 2020; Campos et al ., 2021 a ; Cayo-Rojas et al ., 2021; Esteves et al ., 2021; Fernandez et al ., 2021; García-Espinosa et al ., 2021; Mendonca et al ., 2021; Scotta et al ., 2021; da Silva Júnior et al ., 2021). Of the 62 studies, 32 were from Brazil (49.22%) (Table 1).…”

“…A total of 49 samples from 46 studies reported the prevalence of depression among 139 559 respondents (Badellino et al ., 2020, 2022; Campos et al ., 2020; Civantos et al ., 2020; Cortés-Álvarez et al ., 2020; Dal'Bosco et al ., 2020; De Boni et al ., 2020; Fernández et al ., 2020; Giardino et al ., 2020; Guiroy et al ., 2020; Martinez et al ., 2020; Medeiros et al ., 2020; Mora-Magaña et al ., 2020; Passos et al ., 2020; Paz et al ., 2020; Samaniego et al ., 2020; Schuch et al ., 2020; Antiporta et al ., 2021; Boluarte-Carbajal et al ., 2021; de Oliveira Andrade et al ., 2021; Espinosa-Guerra et al ., 2021; Ferreira et al ., 2021; Feter et al ., 2021; García-Espinosa et al ., 2021; Goularte et al ., 2021; Loret de Mola et al ., 2021; Mautong et al ., 2021; Mendonca et al ., 2021; Nayak et al ., 2021; Puccinelli et al ., 2021; Ribeiro et al ., 2021; Schmitt Jr et al ., 2021; Serafim et al ., 2021; Souza et al ., 2021; Torrente et al ., 2021 a , 2021 b ; Villela et al ., 2021; Zhang et al ., 2021 a , 2021 b ; Caycho-Rodriguez et al ., 2022; Robles et al ., 2021). Among all the depression survey tools, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was the most frequently used (50%), followed by DASS-21 (21.74), HADS (10.87%), the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) (4.35%) and six others (each 2.17%).…”

“…Ferreira et al, 2021;Landaeta-Díaz et al, 2021;Mautong et al, 2021;Ribeiro et al, 2021;Schmitt Jr et al, 2021;Souza et al, 2021;Torrente et al, 2021b;Vitorino et al, 2021;Badellino et al, 2022), two samples (3.08%) were of frontline healthcare workers(Dal'Bosco et al, 2020;Robles et al, 2021), 19 samples (29.22%) were from general healthcare workers(Chen et al, 2020;Civantos et al, 2020;Giardino et al, 2020;Guiroy et al, 2020;Malgor …”

Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics as predictors of self-reported Covid-19 history among older adults: 2006-2020 Health and Retirement Study

“…Although individual and household-level data linking depressive symptoms and overcrowding to Covid-19 history may be limited, the global literature has established that the Covid-19 pandemic itself may be associated with a greater level of depressive symptoms among adults 28 , 29 , 30 and that its trajectory may be influenced by overcrowding 31 , 32 , 33 potentially worsening health disparities according to race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status 12 . Whereas depressive symptoms may be manifestations of stress, which in turn, could adversely affect immune response against microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2, overcrowding may increase the opportunity for SARS-CoV-2 exposure potentially leading to a greater frequency of Covid-19 as the number of household members residing with older adults increases.…”