Potential Prebiotic and Anti-Obesity Effects of Codium fragile Extract

Oh, Sewon; Kim, Sungkeun; Jung, Kyungsook; Pham, Thi Ngoc Anh; Yang, Seung-Hwan; Ahn, Byung-Jae

doi:10.3390/app12030959

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Polysaccharides from marine algae are used as prebiotics for beneficial gut bacteria, and produce metabolites such as oligosaccharides and SCFAs [ 64 ]. In particular, SCFAs play an important role in the maintenance of the gut and immune homeostasis in the gut through the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyra tenera Protects against PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction with the Regulation of Gut Function

et al. 2022

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To evaluate the biological effects of Porphyra tenera (P. tenera), we tried to confirm the possibility that the intake of P. tenera could modulate cognitive and intestinal functions in PM2.5-induced cognitive decline mice. P. tenera attenuated PM2.5-induced learning and memory impairment through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the mitochondrial function and TLR-initiated NF-κB signaling. In addition, P. tenera effectively alleviated Aβ production/tau phosphorylation by inhibiting the JNK phosphorylation. Also, the bioactive constituents of P. tenera determined the sulfated galactan, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), and chlorophyll derivatives. Moreover, the bioactive compounds of P. tenera by gut fermentation protected against gut dysbiosis and intestinal tight junction damage with a decrease in inflammatory response and short-chain fatty acid production. Based on these results, our findings suggest that P. tenera with sulfated galactan and MAAs is a potential material for cognitive function improvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyra tenera Protects against PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction with the Regulation of Gut Function

et al. 2022

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“…The Codium polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities, including anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hypoglycemic activity [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. For example, Codium fragile and Codium vermilara can provide water-soluble sulfated arabinogalactans with anticoagulant activity [5,22]. Additionally, Kolsi et al [23] demonstrate that the polysaccharides extracted from C. fragile possess antioxidant activity and can reduce oxidative stress preventing the generation of free radicals and subsequently avoiding the development of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae Codium bernabei: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity

et al. 2022

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Codium bernabei is a green alga that grows on Chilean coasts. The composition of its structural polysaccharides is still unknown. Hence, the aim of this work is to isolate and characterize the hot water extracted polysaccharide fractions. For this purpose, the water extracts were further precipitated in alcohol (TPs) and acid media (APs), respectively. Both fractions were characterized using different physicochemical techniques such as GC-MS, GPC, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. It is confirmed that the extracted fractions are mainly made of sulfated galactan unit, with a degree of sulfation of 19.3% (TPs) and 17.4% (ATs) and a protein content of 3.5% in APs and 15.6% in TPs. Other neutral sugars such as xylose, glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, and arabinose were found in a molar ratio (0.05:0.6:1.0:0.02:0.14:0.11) for TPs and (0.05:0.31:1.0:0.03:0.1:0.13) for ATs. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide samples was lower than 20 kDa. Both polysaccharides were thermally stable (Tonset > 190 °C) and showed antioxidant activity according to the ABTS•+ and DPPH tests, where TPs fractions had higher scavenging activity (35%) compared to the APs fractions. The PT and APTTS assays were used to measure the anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharide fractions. In general, the PT activity of the TPs and APs was not different from normal plasma values. The exception was the TPs treatment at 1000 µg mL−1 concentration. The APTTS test revealed that clotting time for both polysaccharides was prolonged regarding normal values at 1000 µg mL−1. Finally, the antitumor test in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116) cell line, breast cancer (MCF-7) and human leukemia (HL-60) cell lines showed the cytotoxic effect of TPs and APs. Those results suggest the potential biotechnological application of sulfate galactan polysaccharides isolated from a Chilean marine resource.

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“…Subsequently, we attempted to identify CFE's exact mechanism of action by analyzing gene expression. In animal cells, PPARs, C/EBPs, and SREBPs are considered key regulators of adipogenesis (Lee et al, 2019; Oh et al, 2022). PPARγ is essential for adipocyte differentiation and interacts with C/EBPα, resulting in the expression of transcription factors that determine adipocyte phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo‐ and lipogenesis

Seo

Lee

Ahn

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Codium fragile (C. fragile) is a marine alga with high functional food potential. Recent studies have proven C. fragile extract (CFE) effective against obesity. However, the exact underlying mechanism of CFE's anti‐obesity effects remains unclear. Herein, CFE was orally administered to male C57BL/6 mice for 7 weeks, along with a high‐fat diet. CFE (100 mg/kg) effectively induced weight loss, lowered serum cholesterol levels, and suppressed adipocyte differentiation in white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, CFE effectively reduced hepatic total triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipid levels, while significantly improving liver size and color. mRNA expression analysis in WAT and liver tissue revealed that CFE significantly suppressed the expression of PPARγ and aP‐2 in adipocyte differentiation, and SREBP‐1c and FAS in de novo lipogenesis, suggesting that CFE's anti‐obesity effect is exerted by gene inhibition. Practical applications Research on marine plants with anti‐obesity effects has been increasing recently. This study demonstrated that C. fragile extract (CFE) is effective in reducing body weight and suppressing adipocyte differentiation, along with the improvement of fatty liver in mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD). The anti‐obesity effect of CFE was exhibited by the down‐regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. Based on these results, C. fragile could be useful, not only to effectively combat obesity but also in improving obesity‐induced liver dysfunction.

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Potential Prebiotic and Anti-Obesity Effects of Codium fragile Extract

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Porphyra tenera Protects against PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction with the Regulation of Gut Function

Porphyra tenera Protects against PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction with the Regulation of Gut Function

Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae Codium bernabei: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity

Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo‐ and lipogenesis

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