Potential Porous Mediums for Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage: State of Art and Comparative Study

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

Oberoi

Kansal

et al. 2022

We present an experimental investigation on a proton battery, that could run both as electrolyser and fuel cell, using six different flow channel orientations viz. pin‐type, parallel, interdigitated, spiral, serpentine, and parallel serpentine. The battery stores energy in the form of hydrogen ions and its performance is determined in terms of hydrogen wt. % stored in an integrated carbon‐based electrode. In this paper, the fabrication of electrode, development of an experimental proton battery and its testing are disclosed. The characterization of the employed activated carbon electrode is done using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fabricated proton battery is tested by charging (E‐mode operation) and discharging (FC‐mode operation) subsequently at normal temperature and pressure conditions. In the E‐mode operation, electrochemical hydrogen storage of the battery with six different flow channels is found to be in the range of 1.36–1.97 wt. %. The corresponding desorption of hydrogen in the FC‐mode operation is found to be in the range of 1.047–1.479 wt. %, respectively, for six different flow channels. The comparative result analysis revealed that parallel serpentine flow channel outperformed, with energy storage capacity of 1.97 wt. %; and pin type channel design showed comparatively low performance with energy storage capacity of 1.36 wt. %. The presented research work is an effort towards meeting the set targets of hydrogen storage set by the U.S. Department of Energy to make the hydrogen technology commercially viable. Statement of Industrial Relevance The presented research work has relevance with the power industry as it reveals the optimum design of flow channels for enhanced hydrogen adsorption. It is a way forward towards developing a fuel‐cell based proton battery that does not emit harmful fumes like lithium batteries and therefore, is environmentally friendly. Novelty or Significance The presented research work is a maiden attempt of testing different designs of micro‐flow channels in an experimental proton battery that is a single unit capable of performing dual tasks i.e., electrolyser and fuel cell to store energy and give out power when required.

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of a fuel cell‐based proton battery with varied designs of micro‐flow channel for enhanced hydrogen storage

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

Oberoi

Kansal

et al. 2022

“…Examples include metal organic frameworks, metal hydrides, complex hydrides, activated carbon (aC), capillary arrays, clathrate hydrates, metal nitrides, doped polymers, and zeolites. 6 One of the least expensive and greenest fuels for the future economy is hydrogen. It is simple because: (i) it is a readily available element that makes up over 90% of all atoms in the universe; (ii) it is the lightest element (molecular weight = 2.016) with the highest known energy content (caloric/heating value) of any fuel; (iii) it is sustainable; (iv) it is toxic-free; and (v) better than coal, natural gas, or petroleum, it serves as an energy carrier that is friendly to the environment and leaves water as the only exhaust product when converted into energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production, storage, and transportation: recent advances

Rampai,

Mtshali,

Seroka

et al. 2024

RSC Adv.

“…As of now, green energy is the need of the hour, when remaining nonrenewable energy sources are swiftly diminishing as the world population is growing. Step by step changeover from fossil fuels to hydrogen fuel cells seems to be a solemn substitute to the world for the diminution of greenhouse gas emission and air pollution 1‐9 . However, fuel cells require a great deed of thermal management in order to achieve the desired performance curves and feasible conversion efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step by step changeover from fossil fuels to hydrogen fuel cells seems to be a solemn substitute to the world for the diminution of greenhouse gas emission and air pollution. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, fuel cells require a great deed of thermal management in order to achieve the desired performance curves and feasible conversion efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the performance of PEM fuel cells: A review on performance parameters, water management, and cooling techniques

Oberoi

Intl J of Energy Research

2021

Summary This paper addresses the effects of critical parameters that affect the performance and lifespan of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Amongst all, control of excess water content and dehydration in PEM fuel cells is the major issue under various operating conditions. Therefore, their effects on cathode, anode, gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer (CL), and flow channels are summarized in the initial part of this paper. Various active cooling strategies such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change method to extract the waste heat from the stack are represented. The lateral part of this paper throws light on the role of heat pipes, working fluid, and the effect of the addition of nanofluid with pertinent filling ratio (FR) in cooling of PEM fuel cells. This work is intended to aid the selection of cooling methods for PEM fuel cells through the consideration of the variety of affecting parameters preceding major expenditure for wide‐scale production. In future, cost comparison associated with the cooling techniques of the fuel cell would be evaluated.