Potential phosphorus losses from grassland soils irrigated with dairy factory wastewater

Lizarralde, C. A.; McDowell, R. W.; Condron, Leo M.; Brown, Jeff

doi:10.1007/s10705-021-10165-2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…According to Delin et al (2012), this implies that around 50% of the N content is easily available, as also found for sewage sludge (Petersen et al, 2003). The second field study examined P accumulation in soil and potential losses in surface runoff and leaching (multi-depth) at seven sites in New Zealand (Lizarralde et al, 2021). Results showed that after the long-term application of DPS (based on N content), high amounts of P in the soil at least to 30-cm depths accumulated.…”

Section: Potential Losses From Dps/strubias To Watersmentioning

confidence: 73%

Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture

Khomenko

Shi

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, along with a reduction in nitrous oxide. Less carbon (C) is transferred to agricultural fields where DPS is processed into biochar and hydrochar, but due to high recalcitrance, the C in this form is retained much longer in the soil, and therefore STRUBIAS products represent a more stable and long-term option to increase soil C stocks and sequestration.

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Section: Potential Losses From Dps/strubias To Watersmentioning

confidence: 73%

Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture

Khomenko

Shi

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Amending soils of different pH to decrease phosphorus losses

et al. 2021

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Context Soils irrigated with wastewater are generally phosphorus (P)-enriched. P losses from these soils may impair surface water quality. However, wastewater applications also alter soil pH and P availability. Aims We investigated if amending soils with aluminium (Al), iron (Fe) or calcium (Ca) sorbents could decrease the potential for P losses despite altering soil pH and potentially increasing soil P availability. Methods Seven soils (pH 5.3–6.9) were incubated with lime, gypsum, hydrotalcite, alum sulfate, ferric sulfate, and ferric chloride at rates of 0:1, 0.25:1, 0.5:1 and 1:1 molar ratios of Al/Fe to P, and 0:1, 0.5:1, 1:1 and 5:3 for Ca to P, respectively. After 21 days pH and water extractable P (WEP) were measured. Key results In most cases the application of Al, Fe and Ca amendments decreased WEP in proportion to the rates applied. However, poor performance was noted when amendments were mismatched to soils altering their pH into the range where high soil P availability was expected. Of the amendments used, alum and iron sulfate were the most cost-efficient. However, even when optimised and applied to critical source areas the estimated cost-effectiveness of these amendments is still poor and may only be effective in the short term. Conclusions and implications We therefore recommend that other strategies such as inversion tillage bringing low P topsoil to the surface (and decreasing the potential for P loss by surface runoff) together with changes in the farm system to extract more P from the topsoil are the only strategies that will decrease the potential for P loss cost-effectively and in the long-term.

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The potential for phosphorus loss to groundwater from soils irrigated with dairy factory wastewater

Lizarralde

McDowell

Condron

et al. 2022

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Potential phosphorus losses from grassland soils irrigated with dairy factory wastewater

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture

Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture

Amending soils of different pH to decrease phosphorus losses

The potential for phosphorus loss to groundwater from soils irrigated with dairy factory wastewater

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