Potential PeVatron supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 seen in the highest-energy gamma rays

Amenomori, M.; Bao, Yiwei; Bi, X. J.; Chen, D.; Chen, T. L.; Chen, Wen-Yun; Xu, Chang; Chen, Y.; Cirennima,; Cui, S. W.; Danzengluobu,; Ding, L. K.; Fang, Jun; Fang, Kun; Feng, C.; Feng, Z.; Gao, Qi; Gou, Q. B.; Guo, Y. Q.; Guo, Y. Y.; He, H. H.; He, Ze; Hibino, K.; Hotta, N.; Hu, Haibing; Hu, Hongbo; Huang, J.; Jia, H. Y.; Jiang, L.; Jin, Hong-Bo; Kasahara, K.; Katayose, Y.; Kato, C.; Kato, Shinsuke; Kawata, K.; Kihara, W.; Ko, Y.; Kozai, M.; Labaciren,; Le, G. M.; Li, A. F.; Li, H. J.; Li, W. J.; Lin, Yu-Hui; Liu, B.; Liu, Chuan-Zhou; Liu, J. S.; Liu, M. Y.; Liu, W.; Lou, Y.; Lü, H.; Meng, X. R.; Munakata, K.; Nakada, H.; Nakamura, Yuya; Nanjo, H.; Nakamura, Masaki; Ohnishi, M.; Ohura, T.; Ozawa, S.; Qian, X. L.; Qu, X. B.; Saito, T.; Sakata, M.; Sako, T. K.; Shao, J.; Shibata, M.; Shiomi, A.; Sugimoto, H.; Takano, W.; Takita, M.; Tan, Y. H.; Tateyama, N.; Torii, Shoji; Tsuchiya, H.; Udo, S.; Wang, H.; Wu, H. R.; Xue, L.; Yamamoto, Y.; Yang, Zhen; Yokoe, Y.; Yuan, A. F.; Zhai, L. M.; Zhang, H. M.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Ying; Zhao, S. P.; Zhaxisangzhu,; Zhou, X. X.

doi:10.1038/s41550-020-01294-9

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…VERI-TAS 12 and Fermi-LAT 13 detected gamma-ray emission in the range of 0:9 À 16 TeV and 3 À 500 GeV, respectively, from the tail region. More recently, the HAWC 14 and Tibet ASg 15 experiments extended the spectrum up to 100 TeV with consistent spatial position of the source from the VERITAS and Fermi-LAT regions as shown in Figure 1. The ASg data indicate that the measured emission centroid deviates from the pulsar's location, with a confidence level of 3:1s, 15 although one cannot rule out the possibility that a small fraction of the emission originates from the PWN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…More recently, the HAWC 14 and Tibet ASg 15 experiments extended the spectrum up to 100 TeV with consistent spatial position of the source from the VERITAS and Fermi-LAT regions as shown in Figure 1. The ASg data indicate that the measured emission centroid deviates from the pulsar's location, with a confidence level of 3:1s, 15 although one cannot rule out the possibility that a small fraction of the emission originates from the PWN. Such measurements indicate that very energetic particles are present in the tail region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…14 The HAWC data are taken from Albert et al 14 The Tibet ASg data are taken from the Tibet ASg Collaboration. 15 The X-ray bowtie is obtained in this work by multiplying the intensity (flux per solid angle) of the TX region (Table 1) with a solid angle of approximately 600arcmin 2 for the entire tail region. Vertical bars show statistical errors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In the last decade, this region has attracted a lot of attention from the gamma-ray community. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Milagro detected TeV emission up to 35 TeV with a large spatial uncertainty covering the entire system. VERI-TAS 12 and Fermi-LAT 13 detected gamma-ray emission in the range of 0:9 À 16 TeV and 3 À 500 GeV, respectively, from the tail region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such measurements indicate that very energetic particles are present in the tail region. In principle, both multi-hundred-TeV electrons and PeV protons can produce hundred-TeV gamma-ray photons, [12][13][14][15][16] but the predicted X-ray emission is different in the leptonic and hadronic scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revealing a peculiar supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 as a petaelectronvolt proton accelerator with X-ray observations

Liu

Niu

et al. 2021

The Innovation

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Revealing a peculiar supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 as a petaelectronvolt proton accelerator with X-ray observations. The Innovation 2(2), 100118.Supernova remnants (SNRs) have long been considered as one of the most promising sources of Galactic cosmic rays. In the SNR paradigm, petaelectronvolt (PeV) proton acceleration may only be feasible at the early evolution stage, lasting a few hundred years, when the SNR shock speed is high. While evidence supporting the acceleration of PeV protons in young SNRs has yet to be discovered, X-ray synchrotron emission is an important indicator of fast shock. Here, we report the first discovery of X-ray synchrotron emission from the possibly middle-aged SNR G106.3+2.7, implying that this SNR is still an energetic particle accelerator despite its age. This discovery, along with the ambient environmental information, multiwavelength observation, and theoretical arguments, supports SNR G106.3+2.7 as a likely powerful proton PeV accelerator.

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