Potential Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19

Guo, Ling; Yu, Kuipeng; Li, Dengren; Yang, Hee-Deok; Liu, Lei; Fan, Jiahui; Sun, Nan; Yang, Xiangdong

doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0308.v1

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…ACE2 expression in various human tissues such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal tract and urogenital systems makes them potentially vulnerable to the virus (Guo, Yu, et al, 2020;Sommerstein et al, 2020;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of COVID‐19 and male genital tract

2020

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COVID‐19 pandemic leads to health challenges globally, and its diverse aspects need to be uncovered. Multi‐organ injuries have been reported by describing potential SARS‐CoV‐2 entrance routes: ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Since these cell surface receptors’ expression has been disclosed within the male reproductive system, its susceptibility to being infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 has been summarised through this literature review. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at RNA or protein level has been reported across various investigations indicates that the male genitalia potentially is vulnerable to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 within semen samples and following direct viral damage, secondary inflammatory response causing orchitis or testicular discomfort and finally the amount of viral load leading testicular damage and immune response activation are among probable underlying mechanisms. Therefore, genital examination and laboratory tests should be considered to address the male reproductive tract complications and fertility issues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of COVID‐19 and male genital tract

2020

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“…So serum creatinine is one of the parameters for the analysis of kidney injuries induced by COVID-19 [29]. Due to higher accumulation of ACE-2 receptors in renal tubules , kidney is able to express this enzyme more than 100 times as much as the lungs [30,31,32]. The mean (±SD) serum creatinine of the study subjects in mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 cases were statistically significant (p value 0.024).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Biochemical parameters of mild, moderate & severe COVID-19 patients

Layla¹,

Yeasmin²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of people world-wide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2(SARS-CoV-2). The laboratory findings are very important to assess the progress of the disease. The present study is aimed to discuss the biochemical parameters among mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study were conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2020 to December 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance, a total of 100 real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 positive patients were selected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. With all aseptic precautions, 10 ml of venous blood was collected from ante-cubital vein. D-dimer, prothrombin time, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum ferritin, random blood glucose (RBG), serum creatinine, serum glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase (SGPT) and serum albumin measured in the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. CRP was measured by Immunoturbidimetric method, serum ferritin was estimated by Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. STA-neoplastine CI plus used with STA-R analyzer was used for determination of prothrombin time. D-dimer was estimated by Immunofluorescence Assay method. Serum LDH is measured by Dimention clinical chemistry system, serum albumin is measured by bromocresol purple dye binding method, serum creatinine is measured by Jaffe alkaline picrate method and serum SGPT is measured by colourmetric (IFCC 1980) method and RBG is measured by enzymatic colorimetric method (GOD-PAP). Data were recorded in a pre-designed structured data collection form. For statistical analysis, ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test, Chi square test, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient test was performed as applicable using SPSS for windows version 25.0. Results: By analyzing biochemical parameters of mild, moderate and severe RT-PCR positive 100 COVID-19 patients revealed evaluation of biochemical parameters shows severity of the disease was significantly associated with CRP, SGPT, S. Creatinine, LDH, Ferritin, D-dimer & Prothrombin time. No significant association was found with RBG & S. Albumin. Bonferroni correction following ANOVA was performed to compare between each group. Spearman’s correlation reveals statistically significant strong positive correlation with CRP, Ferritin & D-dimer, moderate positive correlation with S. Creatinine, LDH and mild positive correlation with SGPT & Prothrombin time. Conclusion: This study showed D-dimer, prothrombin time, CRP, LDH, ferritin, serum creatinine and SGPT are significantly associated with the severity of the illness that is higher in severe group in comparison to mild and moderate groups. So, comprehensive analysis of the biochemical parameters will be very helpful for early identification & better management of severe disease.

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“…21 The ACE2 receptor is not only expressed on the cell membrane of Type 2 pneumocytes, but is also ubiquitous in the oral and nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidneys, brain, vessels, heart, and the entire gastrointestinal tract. 22,23 In particular, the expression of ACE2 in the kidneys is higher than in the lungs. 24,25 ACE2 is expressed mainly in the apical side of the proximal tubular cells and, to a minor degree, on the surface of the podocytes.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of the Renal Organotropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2-Associated Nephropathy: Direct Renal Infection and Damage

Salvadori

2020

EMJ Nephrol

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Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), principally because of hypotension and decreased kidney perfusion secondary to haemodynamic or haemostatic factors, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, and cytokine storm syndrome related to sepsis. Additionally, several factors support the existence of SARS-CoV-2-associated nephropathy, such as early, new-onset proteinuria and haematuria in many patients, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in precisely defined kidney compartments, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence of direct viral infection of the kidneys, and, most importantly, morphological alterations associated with cytopathic action induced by the virus. In addition, collapsing glomerulopathy that has been reported in patients of African American descent with underlying apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) kidney risk alleles and SARS-CoV-2 infection is evidence of a distinct form of SARS-CoV-2-associated nephropathy, the APOL1-SARS-CoV2-associated nephropathy.

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Potential Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Review of COVID‐19 and male genital tract

Review of COVID‐19 and male genital tract

Biochemical parameters of mild, moderate & severe COVID-19 patients

SARS-CoV-2-Associated Nephropathy: Direct Renal Infection and Damage

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