Potential Osteoporosis Recovery by Deep Sea Water through Bone Regeneration in SAMP8 Mice

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the therapeutic potential of deep sea water (DSW) on osteoporosis. Previously, we have established the ovariectomized senescence-accelerated mice (OVX-SAMP8) and demonstrated strong recovery of osteoporosis by stem cell and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Deep sea water at hardness (HD) 1000 showed significant increase in proliferation of osteoblastic cell (MC3T3) by MTT assay. For in vivo animal study, bone mineral density (BMD) was strongly enhanced followed by the significantly increased trabecular numbers through micro-CT examination after a 4-month deep sea water treatment, and biochemistry analysis showed that serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was decreased. For stage-specific osteogenesis, bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were harvested and examined. Deep sea water-treated BMSCs showed stronger osteogenic differentiation such as BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, and OCN, and enhanced colony forming abilities, compared to the control group. Interestingly, most untreated OVX-SAMP8 mice died around 10 months; however, approximately 57% of DSW-treated groups lived up to 16.6 months, a life expectancy similar to the previously reported life expectancy for SAMR1 24 months. The results demonstrated the regenerative potentials of deep sea water on osteogenesis, showing that deep sea water could potentially be applied in osteoporosis therapy as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Deep sea minerals prolong life span of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats by compensatory augmentation of the IGF‐I‐survival signaling and inhibition of apoptosis

“…They are found to be effective against high fat diet related cardiac abnormalities. DSW has been reported to stimulate both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and provide recovery from osteoporosis (Liu et al, ). They are also found to be active in modulating blood pressure by exhibiting hypolipidimic effects (Sheu et al, ).…”

Deep sea water improves exercise and inhibits oxidative stress in a physical fatigue mouse model

“…Numerous studies have confirmed that DSW has pharmacological effects, including protecting the cardiovascular system (12,13), improving metabolic processes (14,15), anti-osteoporosis properties (16), treating atopic dermatitis skin lesions (17), accelerating recovery from physical fatigue (18), providing intestinal protection against duodenal ulcers (9) and inhibiting the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cell lines (19 Although DSW has already been studied for its alleviating fatigue effect in Wistar rats, the beneficial effects isolated in that study were only attributed to the minerals of DSW (20). In addition, the mechanism behind the beneficial effect has not yet been fully clarified.…”

Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet‐Rich Plasma on the Bone Healing of Ovariectomized Rats

“…An alternative strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis could therefore involve enhancing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs [5, 6]. Activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) releases several growth factors associated with wound healing and bone regeneration, including transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1), insulin-like growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor [7].…”