Potential of water direct injection in a CAI/HCCI gasoline engine to extend the operating range towards higher loads

Valero-Marco, Jorge; Lehrheuer, Bastian; López, J. Javier; Pischinger, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.093

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Overview of the water effect on the CAI combustion (Review of the results of the previous work 30 ). Modification of the engine compression ratio (CR) to a value more commonly used for automotive purposes in SI engines.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate this parameter, the standard deviation of the IMEP is used, and a threshold of 0.15 bar is defined as the maximum deviation for CAI combustion, following the same criteria as in previous works. 30 The combustion knock: the knock characterization is defined by the MAPO (Maximum Amplitude of Pressure Oscillations). This value is obtained from the high frequencies of the in-cylinder pressure signal, and the maximum value of the corresponding amplitude at each cycle is taken.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the engine configuration effect on the maximum achievable load in CAI using water injection

Valero-Marco

Lehrheuer

López

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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The approach of this research is to enlarge the knowledge about the methodologies to increase the maximum achievable load degree in the context of gasoline CAI engines. This work is the continuation of a previous work related to the study of the water injection effect on combustion, where this strategy was approached. The operating strategies to introduce the water and the interconnected settings were deeply analyzed in order to optimize combustion and to evaluate its potential to increase the maximum load degree when operating in CAI. During these initial tests, the engine was configured to enhance the mixture autoignition. The compression ratio was high compared to a standard gasoline engine, and suitable fuel injection strategies were selected based on previous studies from the authors to maximize the reactivity of the mixture, and get a stable CAI operation. Once water injection proved to provide encouraging results, the next step dealt in this work, was to go deeper and explore its effects when the engine configuration is more similar to a conventional gasoline engine, trying to get CAI combustion closer to production engines. This means, mainly, lower compression ratios and different fuel injection strategies, which hinders CAI operation. Finally, since all the previous works were performed at constant engine speed, the engine speed was also modified in order to see the applicability of the defined strategies to operate under CAI conditions at other operating conditions. The results obtained show that all these modifications are compatible with CAI operation: the required compression ratio can be reduced, in some cases the injection strategies can be simplified, and the increase of the engine speed leads to better conditions for CAI combustion. Thanks to the analysis of all this data, the different key parameters to manage this combustion mode are identified and shown in the paper.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the engine configuration effect on the maximum achievable load in CAI using water injection

Valero-Marco

Lehrheuer

López

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A gasoline engine can adopt a higher compression ratio after water injection. Valero-Marco et al [34] studied the potential of direct water injection into a cylinder to expand the operating range toward higher loads via experiments. It was found that water injected into a cylinder can absorb the heat released by the combustion in the cylinder, which can effectively reduce the maximum temperature and pressure, and can also reduce the pressure gradient and the knock tendency of the combustion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine

Zheng

2020

Energies

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A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine cooperating with an in-cylinder direct injection technology is one of the most effective ways to improve the power and economy of gasoline engines. However, engine knock has limited the application and development of the downsizing of gasoline engines. Water injection technology can effectively suppress the knock. In this study, a method of numerical simulation was used to explore the effect of the water injection temperature on the combustion and suppression of the knock. First of all, the knock of the gasoline engine was induced by advancing the spark timing. Then, when the other conditions were the same, different water injection temperatures were set. The results show that lowering the water injection temperature reduced the knock intensity in the cylinder, but increasing the water injection temperature made the water distribution more uniform, and the peak values of each monitoring point were more consistent. The circulating work power increased with the increase of the water injection temperature. For emissions, as the temperature of the water injection increased, the emissions of soot and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) decreased, and NOx slightly increased.

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“…2–4 Water injection enables higher boost pressures and compression ratios (CRs), which result in increased engineefficiency. 5–7 However, water injection increases the complexity of the engine since an additional injection system is needed. 2 To avoid frequently water refilling, water recovery systems are investigated 8 that provide water of high purity during the engine operation but further increase the engine complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective optimization of water injection in spark-ignition engines using the stochastic reactor model with tabulated chemistry

Franken

Netzer

Mauß

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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Water injection is investigated for turbocharged spark-ignition engines to reduce knock probability and enable higher engine efficiency. The novel approach of this work is the development of a simulation-based optimization process combining the advantages of detailed chemistry, the stochastic reactor model and genetic optimization to assess water injection. The fast running quasi-dimensional stochastic reactor model with tabulated chemistry accounts for water effects on laminar flame speed and combustion chemistry. The stochastic reactor model is coupled with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm to find an optimum set of operating conditions for high engine efficiency. Subsequently, the feasibility of the simulation-based optimization process is tested for a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic numerical test case. The newly proposed optimization method predicts a trade-off between fuel efficiency and low knock probability, which highlights the present target conflict for spark-ignition engine development. Overall, the optimization shows that water injection is beneficial to decrease fuel consumption and knock probability at the same time. The application of the fast running quasi-dimensional stochastic reactor model allows to run large optimization problems with low computational costs. The incorporation with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm shows a well-performing multi-objective optimization and an optimized set of engine operating parameters with water injection and high compression ratio is found.

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Potential of water direct injection in a CAI/HCCI gasoline engine to extend the operating range towards higher loads

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Study of the engine configuration effect on the maximum achievable load in CAI using water injection

Study of the engine configuration effect on the maximum achievable load in CAI using water injection

Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine

Multi-objective optimization of water injection in spark-ignition engines using the stochastic reactor model with tabulated chemistry

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