Potential of Treated Dentin Matrix Xenograft for Dentin-Pulp Tissue Engineering

Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental and Alveolar Bone Tissues Regeneration: An Innovative Scope Review

“… Forms and sizes The TDM/DDM were produced in different forms likely as particles, liquid extract, hydrogel, and paste, and in different shapes such as sheets, slices, chips, blocks, discs, root-shaped, barrier membranes, and press-fitted according to the defect shape. Dentin grinder and ball mill machines were used for preparing particulate dentin [ 17 , 19 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 45 , 49 – 52 , 55 , 56 – 60 , 62 , 65 , 68 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 80 ]. The diameter of the particle size was measured in either µm or mm.…”

“…The minimum diameter was less than 40 µm [ 74 ] whereas the maximum was 2 mm [ 45 , 58 , 59 ]. In certain instances, the particles were atelopeptidized [ 25 ], decorated with carboxymethyl chitosan [ 49 ], loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 [ 52 ], encapsulated into liposomes [ 54 ], or used as particle-based bio-ink [ 47 ] (Fig. 5 ).…”

“…Moreover, 2% HNO 3 [ 51 , 53 , 55 , 62 ] was also used for demineralization with two period's time frame, 10 min [ 55 ] or 20 min [ 53 ]. Similarly, particles obtained from bovine posterior teeth were demineralized using gradient concentrations of 17% EDTA for 1, 7 and 13 days [ 25 ] each. Alternatively, particles obtained from rabbit mandibular incisors [ 65 ] and ovine lower anterior teeth [ 68 ] were demineralized with 0.6 N HCl once and the exposure time was 7 days for the whole tooth before pulverization to small particles whereas particles obtained from rat incisors were demineralized using 17% EDTA for 10 min [ 67 ].…”

“…Other methods of sterilization were gamma irradiation processing using Cobalt 60 radiation with a dose of 5 kGy [ 66 ], ethylene oxide gas sterilization at low temperatures [ 19 , 45 , 49 , 52 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 67 , 68 , 76 ], steam sterilization at 121°C and a pressure of 1 bar for 15 min [ 23 ], lyophilization and freeze-drying [ 46 ], or mixing was accomplished in a sterile container [ 65 ]. The matrices were preserved in α-MEM media containing 50 units/ml of penicillin and 50 μg/ml of streptomycin or in 0.1 x PBS and kept in refrigerator at 4 °C [ 18 , 20 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 30 – 32 , 34 , 36 , 39 – 42 , 44 , 47 ] cryopreserved at -196°C [ 38 ], −80 °C [ 26 ], −18 °C [ 83 ], and -20°C [ 25 ] or stored at room temperature [ 45 , 52 , 65 ]. Other methods of preservation included syringes for hydrogel [ 21 ], package for barrier membranes [ 46 ] and particles [ 58 – 60 ], or freshly prepared during operation [ 53 , 55 , 63 ].…”

Treated dentin matrix induces odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

“…Specific tissue-derived extracellular matrix can be used as a culture substrate, under which cells can proliferate and differentiate into the parent tissue [ [21] , [38] , [39] ]. As an extracellular matrix material, TDM extract is rich in growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β, DMP-1 and DSPP, which can induce odontogenic differentiation of stem cells [ 8 , [9] , [36] , [37] ]. To study the TDM-induced odontogenic inducement of hDPSCs, we tested a series of TDM concentrations (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%).…”