Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract

Despite the increasing urgency of the problem of treating small cell lung cancer (SCLC), information on the causes of its development is fragmentary. There is no complete understanding of the features of antitumor immunity and the role of the microenvironment in the development of SCLC resistance. This impedes the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have common pathogenetic factors. COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer including SCLC. Therefore, the search for effective approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SCLC in patients with COPD is an urgent task. This review provides information on the etiology and pathogenesis of SCLC, analyses the effectiveness of current treatment options, and critically evaluates the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CART therapy) in SCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential links between lung cancer and COPD and the role of endothelium in the development of COPD. Finally, we propose a new approach for increasing the efficacy of CART therapy in SCLC.

Reprogrammed CD8+ T-Lymphocytes Isolated from Bone Marrow Have Anticancer Potential in Lung Cancer

“…Actively proliferating tumor cells are generally targets for drugs. Meanwhile, progression, metastasis, and recurrence of lung cancer, as well as resistance to therapy, are related to CSCs [ 15 , 28 ]. CSCs with a long resting state (G0 arrest) and high activity of the efflux transport system are insensitive to anticancer drugs [ 29 ].…”

“…Therefore, T-lymphocyte therapy should be focused on elimination of CSCs, as well as tumor cells. Thus, CSCs are potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic markers for lung cancer [ 15 ]. This approach may be more effective in the early stage of tumor development.…”

Cell Therapy with Human Reprogrammed CD8+ T-Cells Has Antimetastatic Effects on Lewis Lung Carcinoma in C57BL/6 Mice

“…In this regard, we evaluated different populations of CSCs in the lungs. CSCs were identified using common markers such as CD117, CD44, EGF, and Axl, as well as the cell proliferation marker Sox2 [ 27 ]. Interestingly, we have found similar markers in the same combination when mrT-cells were used for cell therapy [ 15 ].…”

Engineered exosomes in emerging cell-free therapy

“…), which have demonstrated great efficacy as a gene-expression-regulating vector in tumor therapy ( 177 ). Hong et al.demonstrated that CAR-T cell-derived exosomes inhibit solid tumors, including triple negative breast cancer and lung cancer, and can affect the tumor microenvironment with relative safety ( 178 , 179 ). Meanwhile, Haque et al.…”