“…Furthermore, the absorption bands observed in the range of 900–500 cm −1 were associated with the tetrahedral VO 4 vibration modes in the network [20]. Specifically, the bands at ~865, 863, and 855 cm −1 were attributed to the V–O stretching vibrations in the VO 4 group [21, 22], while the bands at ~780, 689, 685, and 529 cm −1 were linked to the asymmetric vibrations of the VO 4 group [23, 24]. Other distinct bands located at ~1383, 1364, and 1215 cm −1 corresponded to the C–O stretching vibrations, whereas the bands at ~1748, 1647, and 1643 cm −1 were attributed to the C=O stretching bonds [25, 26].…”