Potential of nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant on energy saving in refrigeration system – A review

Azmi, W.H.; Sharif, M. Z.; Yusof, Taib Mohd; Mamat, Rizalman; Redhwan, A. A. M.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.207

Cited by 172 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…For example, air‐conditioners and refrigerators account for more than 10% and 32% of the total residential energy consumption in China, respectively. [ 2,3 ] Therefore, improvement of the energy efficiency characterizing heat exchangers plays a crucial role in reducing energy consumption. However, the occurrence of condensate films, frost layers, and fouling on the surfaces of conventional hydrophilic heat exchangers acts as a thermal barrier to significantly reduce in the heat transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐Based Robust Transparent Superamphiphobic Coatings for Resistance to Condensation, Frosting, Icing, and Fouling

Song

Cheng

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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high fraction of the total energy consumption. For example, air-conditioners and refrigerators account for more than 10% and 32% of the total residential energy consumption in China, respectively. [2,3] Therefore, improvement of the energy efficiency characterizing heat exchangers plays a crucial role in reducing energy consumption. However, the occurrence of condensate films, frost layers, and fouling on the surfaces of conventional hydrophilic heat exchangers acts as a thermal barrier to significantly reduce in the heat transfer. One alternative, that is, a periodic heating process for complete melting of the frost, results in extra energy consumption. In addition, wet surfaces are prone to the dust deposition, breeding of bacteria, and corrosion acceleration.Inspired by nature, [4][5][6][7] superhydrophobic surfaces with extreme repellency to water have attracted significant interest, owing to their potential applications in anticondensation, anti-frosting, anti-icing, antifogging, and self-cleaning activities. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces can be prepared via different approaches, including reactive ion etching, [21] chemical/physical processing, [22][23][24][25] lithographing, [26,27] and coating. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Among these approaches, the coating approach has been widely applied, owing to its simple preparation process, low equipment requirement, and wide application range. However, organic solvents, such as ethanol, acetone, or butyl acetate, are frequently used to dissolve or disperse low surface energy substances during the preparation process. [34,35] Compared with organic solvents, water is a green, safe, and economical solvent. [36] A few strategies have been reported about preparing waterbased superhydrophobic coatings and even water-based superamphiphobic coatings. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] The focus of the present studies is on the preparation of these coatings. However, high performances of water-based superhydrophobic coatings are neglected which are the key factors in wide, long-term, and efficient application, due to the difficulty in achieving them. For example, micro-sized or smaller condensate dewdrops on most water-based superhydrophobic coatings occur in the Wenzel state, although the contact angles (CAs) and sliding angles (SAs) of macro water droplets on these coatings are >150 and <10, respectively. [45] The Wenzel-state dewdrops may lead to Due to the considerable demand for improving energy conservation and emission reduction, superhydrophobic coatings mainly derived from organic solvents have attracted significant interest, based on their potential role in enhancing heat transfer. Although water-based coatings are relatively safe and economical, and contain low volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the realization of coatings with excellent anti-condensation, anti-frosting, antiicing, and passive self-cleaning properties remains challenging, owing to the Wenzel state of small-sized condensate microdrops. Herein, ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐Based Robust Transparent Superamphiphobic Coatings for Resistance to Condensation, Frosting, Icing, and Fouling

Song

Cheng

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The addition of nanoparticles in refrigerant improves the system performance in terms of improvement in flow and pool boiling heat transfer characteristics as well as flowing pool condensation heat transfer [2,3]. Nowadays, nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant became a great alternate to enhance the performance of cooling cycles in terms of tribology performance, heat mass transfer properties and refrigerant/oil mixture relations [4][5][6][7]. Specifically, nanorefrigerant improves the heat transfer coefficient at evaporation and condensation whereas a nanolubricant improves the tribology characteristics which ultimately increase the compressor performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nanoparticles on Performance Characteristics of Refrigeration Cycle

Kumar¹

2020

Low-Temperature Technologies

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Since few years, researchers are introduced nanorefrigerant in the recent development of refrigeration systems. This chapter briefly summarizes the behavior of different nanoparticles in vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The nanoparticles' infusion in refrigeration cycle affects the viscous behavior of the refrigerant. It is found that very limited studies have been done on viscosity characteristics of nanolubricants, but few reports states that viscosity increases with nanoparticles additive which improves the tribology of compressor. But inversely, the increment of viscosity promotes to the possible pressure drop in the system which eventually drops the cycle performance. The optimum contribution of nanorefrigerant with high thermal conductivity and low viscosity is the success key of system performance with nanoparticles. However, it is found that the contribution of nanoparticles on the basis of physical phenomena that are affecting the vapor compression cycle is limited in the literature. This chapter aims to make a review on the mechanism of improving vapor compression cycle by using nanorefrigerants.

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“…Their results indicate that TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerants work normally and safely in the refrigerator and that the refrigerator performance was better than the pure R600a system, with 9.6% less energy used with 0.5 g/L TiO2-R600a nano-refrigerant. Azmi et al [23] have carried out a comprehensive review to investigate the impact of nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant on energy saving. The overview consists of properties enhancement of nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant, tribological performance, heat transfer enhancement, performance in heat exchanger, improvement in refrigeration system and pressure drop characteristic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD-Entropy generation analysis of refrigerant-based nanofluids flow in a tube

2020

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The present paper aims to numerically investigate the flow, heat transfer and entropy generation of some hydrocarbon based nanorefrigerants flowing in a circular tube subject to constant heat flux boundary condition. Numerical tests have been performed for 4 types of nanoparticles, namely Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO with a diameter equal to 30 nm and a volume concentration of φ = 5%. These nanoparticles are dispersed in some hydrocarbon-based refrigerants, namely tetrafluoroethane (R134a), propane (R290), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a) and propylene (R1270). Computations have been performed for Reynolds number ranging from 600 to 2200. The numerical results in terms of the average heat transfer coefficient of pure refrigerants have been compared to values obtained using correlations from the literature. The results show that the increase of the Reynolds number increases the heat transfer coefficient and decreases the total entropy generation.

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Potential of nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant on energy saving in refrigeration system – A review

Cited by 172 publications

References 94 publications

Water‐Based Robust Transparent Superamphiphobic Coatings for Resistance to Condensation, Frosting, Icing, and Fouling

Water‐Based Robust Transparent Superamphiphobic Coatings for Resistance to Condensation, Frosting, Icing, and Fouling

Effect of Nanoparticles on Performance Characteristics of Refrigeration Cycle

CFD-Entropy generation analysis of refrigerant-based nanofluids flow in a tube

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