Potential of lipid metabolism in marine diatoms for biofuel production

d’Ippolito, Giuliana; Sardo, Angela; Paris, Debora; Vella, Filomena Monica; Adelfi, Maria Grazia; Botte, P.; Gallo, Carmela; Fontana, Angelo

doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0212-4

Cited by 121 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It has been reported that vitamin B 12 highly accelerates growth of a marine centric diatom, T. pseudonana [81]. Interestingly, neither growth rate nor TAG content of C. gracilis were affected by vitamin elimination; moreover, both growth and TAG accumulation here were superior in C. gracilis , compared with many other phytoplankton, including other diatoms [9]. Although there remains a possibility of contributions by coexisting microbes, C. gracilis was cultivated here without expensive vitamins, which would substantially reduce cultivation costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Currently, diatoms are responsible for nearly one-quarter of the annual global photosynthetic production of organic matter, which is nearly equal to the proportion attributed to tropical rain forests [6, 7]. In many diatomaceous species, assimilated carbon is accumulated in cells as triacylglycerol (TAG) that accounts for 25–45% of their cell dry weight [8, 9], while their silica shell makes up 40–78% of their weight [10]. In addition, diatoms contain many types of fatty acids (FAs) and related organic molecules [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, diatoms have attracted interest as biofuel producers. Currently, among the 20,000–200,000 species of diatoms, only a few have been studied as potential biofuel producers [12–14], including Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Thalassiosira pseudonana , Thalassiosira weissflogii , Cyclotella cryptica [9], Fistulifera solaris [15], Chaetoceros gracilis ( C. muelleri ) [16, 17], Cylindrotheca spp., and Nitzschia spp. [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advantageous characteristics of the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis as a sustainable biofuel producer

Tokushima

Inoue-Kashino

Nakazato

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundDiatoms have attracted interest as biofuel producers. Here, the contents of lipids and photosynthetic pigments were analyzed in a marine centric diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. This diatom can be genetically engineered using our previously reported transformation technique and has a potential to produce valuable materials photosynthetically. Sustainable culture conditions for cost-effective production of biological materials under autotrophic conditions with atmospheric carbon dioxide were investigated in the laboratory. A large-scale, open-air culture was also performed.ResultsCell population doubling time was ~10 h under continuous illumination without CO2 enrichment, and large amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) and fucoxanthin accumulated under a wide range of salinity and nutrient conditions, reaching ~200 and 18.5 mg/L, respectively. It was also shown that C. gracilis produced high amounts of TAG without the need for nitrogen or silica deprivation, which is frequently imposed to induce lipid production in many other microalgae. Furthermore, C. gracilis was confirmed to be highly tolerant to changes in environmental conditions, such as salinity. The diatom grew well and produced abundant lipids when using sewage water or liquid fertilizer derived from cattle feces without augmented carbon dioxide. High growth rates (doubling time <20 h) were obtained in a large-scale, open-air culture, in which light irradiance and temperature fluctuated and were largely different from laboratory conditions.ConclusionsThe ability of this microalga to accumulate TAG without nutrient deprivation, which incurs added labor, high costs, and complicates scalability, is important for low-cost industrial applications. Furthermore, its high tolerance to changes in environmental conditions and high growth rates observed in large-scale, open-air culture implied scalability of this diatom for industrial applications. Therefore, C. gracilis would have great potential as a biofactory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advantageous characteristics of the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis as a sustainable biofuel producer

Tokushima

Inoue-Kashino

Nakazato

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…b (d'ippolito et al, 2015). c (Yongmanitchai and Ward, 1992;Plouguerné et al, 2014;d'ippolito et al, 2015;da Costa et al, 2016). d (Volkman et al, 1998;Viegelmann et al, 2014).…”

Section: Lipids and Fatty Acids In Diatomsunclassified

Exploring Valuable Lipids in Diatoms

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Diatoms are one major group of algae in oceans that accounts almost half of marine primary food production and have also been identified as a promising candidate for biofuel production for their high level accumulation of lipids. They have gained increasingly attention for their potential applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutrient supplements, and biofuels. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in diatom lipid study. Chemical structures and bioactivities of different lipid classes are discussed with a focus on valuable lipids such as fatty acids, polar lipids, steroids, and oxylipins from various diatoms species. Further, current extraction and fractionation approaches are compared and recent analytical techniques and methods are also reviewed with an emphasis on lipid class composition and fatty acid profiling. Biosynthetic pathways and key catalyzing enzymes are illustrated for a better understanding of fatty acid metabolism. Past engineering attempts toward generating appropriate diatom strains for lipid production are discussed with examples using mutagenesis, environmental stimulants, and genetic modification methods. Some possible future directions and applications of diatom-derived lipids are also proposed.

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“…This is because using microalgae for biofuel production would have fewer adverse effects on food supply and other agriculture [4,5] as…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Physical and Chemical Properties for Microalgae HTL Bio-Crude Using a Large Batch Reactor

et al. 2017

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As a biofuel feedstock, microalgae has good scalability and potential to supply a significant proportion of world energy compared to most types of biofuel feedstock. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is well-suited to wet biomass (such as microalgae) as it greatly reduces the energy requirements associated with dewatering and drying. This article presents experimental analyses of chemical and physical properties of bio-crude oil produced via HTL using a high growth-rate microalga Scenedesmus sp. in a large batch reactor. The overarching goal was to investigate the suitability of microalgae HTL bio-crude produced in a large batch reactor for direct application in marine diesel engines. To this end we characterized the chemical and physical properties of the bio-crudes produced. HTL literature mostly reports work using very small batch reactors which are preferred by researchers, so there are few experimental and parametric measurements for bio-crude physical properties, such as viscosity and density. In the course of this study, a difference between traditionally calculated values and measured values was noted. In the parametric study, the bio-crude viscosity was significantly closer to regular diesel and biodiesel standards than transesterified (FAME) microalgae biodiesel. Under optimised conditions, HTL bio-crude's high density (0.97-1.04 kg·L −1 ) and its high viscosity (70.77-73.89 mm 2 ·s −1 ) had enough similarity to marine heavy fuels. although the measured higher heating value, HHV, was lower (29.8 MJ·kg −1 ). The reaction temperature was explored in the range 280-350 • C and bio-crude oil yield and HHV reached their maxima at the highest temperature. Slurry concentration was explored between 15% and 30% at this temperature and the best HHV, O:C, and N:C were found to occur at 25%. Two solvents (dichloromethane and n-hexane) were used to recover the bio-crude oil, affecting the yield and chemical composition of the bio-crude.

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Potential of lipid metabolism in marine diatoms for biofuel production

Cited by 121 publications

References 52 publications

Advantageous characteristics of the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis as a sustainable biofuel producer

Advantageous characteristics of the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis as a sustainable biofuel producer

Exploring Valuable Lipids in Diatoms

Experimental Investigations of Physical and Chemical Properties for Microalgae HTL Bio-Crude Using a Large Batch Reactor

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