Potential of <i>Hibiscus Sabdariffa</i> and <i>Jatropha Curcas</i> as Natural Coagulants in the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Sibartie, Sheena; Ismail, Nurul Izzatty

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201815201009

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The seeds of H. Sabdariffa show its best performance removing contaminants in greywater at 100 mg/L of H. Sabdariffa [20]. In addition, when H. Sabdariffa used to treat pharmaceutical wastewater, its optimum dosage is 190 mg/l [19]. However, due to the variance of the characteristic of greywater collected, the results may be similar or slightly different from previous study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Coagulation-flocculation process for greywater treatment using Chitosan and Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Chen¹,

Ismail²,

Oh³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Greywater means faecal free wastewater from households and buildings. Recycled greywater can be used for daily activities where freshwater is not necessary. Coagulation and flocculation technique in water recycling mostly utilize chemical coagulant alum. However, alum residue in water causes neural diseases and the process produces toxic sludge. Hence, natural coagulant is a safer alternate. Previous studies had proved the efficiency of different types of natural coagulant used individually and as a combination. However, the combination of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa had not been tested. The objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa used alone and combined in greywater treatment. Jar test experiment was conducted using 0.5 L greywater in beakers mixed with the coagulants. The pH and coagulant dosage in each beaker were manipulated to determine the optimum condition. The greywater was then mixed rapidly for 4 minutes at 140 rpm, then slowly for 20 minutes at 30 rpm. Before assessing the final turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the beakers were allowed to settle for an hour. At pH 4, 0.8 mg/L of chitosan reduced turbidity by 51 % and COD by 60 %. With a dosage of 200 mg/L, H. Sabdariffa demonstrated its best effectiveness at pH 2, resulting in an 88 % reduction in turbidity and a 53 % reduction in COD. When chitosan and H. Sabdariffa were combined, the optimal composition was determined to be 40% chitosan and 60% H. Sabdariffa by weight at pH 4, resulting in a turbidity reduction of 94% and a COD reduction of 56%. The same experiment was carried out using alum at pH 6 and a coagulant dose of 200 mg/l, turbidity and COD were reduced by 96% and 62% respectively. respectively. As a result, the performance of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa have been shown to be comparable to alum in the treatment of greywater, separately and in combination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Hibiscus Sabdariffa is commonly used to produce foods, herbal drinks and flavouring agents from its flower [19]. Its seeds are waste and discarded in these industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation-flocculation process for greywater treatment using Chitosan and Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Chen¹,

Ismail²,

Oh³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Sibartie and Ismail [84] studied the performance of H. Sabdariffa and J. Curcas as a neutral coagulant for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The results demonstrate that at a coagulant dosage of 190 mg/L and pH 4, the maximum removal efficiency was achieved for turbidity (5.8%) and COD (30%) by H. Sabdariffa, while J. Curcas works best at pH 3 and a coagulant dosage of 200 mg/L to remove 51% of turbidity and 32% of COD.…”

Section: Application Of Natural Coagulants For Pharmaceutical Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review

Alazaiza

Albahnasawi

Ali

et al. 2022

Water

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Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.

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“…From the previous studies of natural coagulant, most of the optimum slow mixing speed are at 30 to 40 rpm [19][22] [35] due to the performance of turbidity, COD and TSS removal. In this study, it has shown that the slow mixing speed for Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is at 20 rpm.…”

Section: Effect Of Mixing Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Greywater by Using Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seeds as A Natural Coagulant

Cheng

Ismail

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this study, Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is used to treat the greywater. The objectives are to characterize the functional group, zeta potential and the protein content of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds and to examine the performance of the seeds in treating greywater by changing the pH, coagulant dose, and mixing effect, as well as comparing them to Aluminium Sulphate (Alum). The functional groups presence in Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds are hydroxyl group (O-H), amine group (N-H) and carboxylic group (C-O). The zeta potential of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is averaged at -4.14 mV and protein concentration is at 0.294 mg/L. It was found out that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds work best at pH 3, 800 mg/L of coagulant dosage and 20 rpm for slow mix and 70 rpm for rapid mixing which resulted in 95.11%, 80.4% and 92.73% removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD and TSS respectively. At pH 6, 200 mg/L of alum coagulant, 40 rpm for slow mix and 150 rpm for quick mix, turbidity, COD, and TSS removal efficiencies were 90.15%, 55.35%, and 96.92%, respectively. Therefore, it shows that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is a better coagulant to treat greywater compared to alum. It has the potential to replace the conventional chemical coagulant.

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Potential of Hibiscus Sabdariffa and Jatropha Curcas as Natural Coagulants in the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Coagulation-flocculation process for greywater treatment using Chitosan and Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Coagulation-flocculation process for greywater treatment using Chitosan and Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review

Treatment of Greywater by Using Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seeds as A Natural Coagulant

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