Potential of high‐Z contrast agents in clinical contrast‐enhanced computed tomography

Nowak, Tristan; Hupfer, Martin; Brauweiler, Robert; Eisa, Fabian; Kalender, Willi A.

doi:10.1118/1.3658738

Cited by 57 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Similarly, imaging contrast agents result in flux suppression and beam hardening but the changes are gradual and no sharp interface effects are observed. New contrast agents are continually under development [43][44][45] and are of potential use not only in imaging but also in radiotherapy. CERT has been studied by various authors mostly from MC computational and treatment planning standpoints.…”

Section: Macroscopic Dose Enhancement and Dose At High-z Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale radiation transport and clinical beam modeling for gold nanoparticle dose enhanced radiotherapy (GNPT) using X-rays

Zygmanski¹,

Sajo²

2016

BJR

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Cite this article as: Zygmanski P, Sajo E. Nanoscale radiation transport and clinical beam modeling for gold nanoparticle dose enhanced radiotherapy (GNPT) using X-rays. Br J Radiol 2016; 89: 20150200. REVIEW ARTICLENanoscale radiation transport and clinical beam modeling for gold nanoparticle dose enhanced radiotherapy (GNPT) using X-rays ABSTRACTWe review radiation transport and clinical beam modelling for gold nanoparticle dose-enhanced radiotherapy using X-rays. We focus on the nanoscale radiation transport and its relation to macroscopic dosimetry for monoenergetic and clinical beams. Among other aspects, we discuss Monte Carlo and deterministic methods and their applications to predicting dose enhancement using various metrics.

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Section: Macroscopic Dose Enhancement and Dose At High-z Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale radiation transport and clinical beam modeling for gold nanoparticle dose enhanced radiotherapy (GNPT) using X-rays

Zygmanski¹,

Sajo²

2016

BJR

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“…To distinguish an enteric contrast medium from iodinated vascular contrast medium optimally, the enteric contrast medium must contain heavy atoms that both attenuate x-rays well and have attenuation ratios substantially different from the attenuation ratio of iodine. Such atoms include bismuth, tungsten, tantalum, and gold (8,9).…”

Section: Trauma Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extravasated Contrast Material in Penetrating Abdominopelvic Trauma: Dual-Contrast Dual-Energy CT for Improved Diagnosis—Preliminary Results in an Animal Model

Mongan¹,

Rathnayake²,

Fu³

et al. 2013

Radiology

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Purpose:To compare the diagnostic performance of dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) with two simultaneously administered contrast agents (hereafter, dual contrast) with that of conventional CT in the evaluation of the presence and source of extravasation in penetrating abdominopelvic trauma. Materials and Methods:Institutional animal care and use committee approval was obtained, and the study was performed in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Five rabbits with bowel trauma, vascular penetrating trauma, or both were imaged with simultaneous iodinated intravenous and bismuth subsalicylate enteric contrast material at DE CT. Four attending radiologists and six radiology residents without prior DE CT experience each evaluated 10 extraluminal collections to identify the vascular and/or enteric origin of extravasation and assess their level of diagnostic confidence, first with virtual monochromatic images simulating conventional CT and then with DE CT material decomposition attenuation maps. Results:Overall accuracy of identification of source of extravasation increased from 78% with conventional CT to 92% with DE CT (157 of 200 diagnoses vs 184 of 200 diagnoses, respectively; P , .001). Nine radiologists were more accurate with DE CT; one had no change. Mean confidence increased from 67% to 81% with DE CT (P , .001). Conclusion:In a rabbit abdominopelvic trauma model, dual-contrast DE CT significantly increased accuracy and confidence in the diagnosis of vascular versus enteric extravasated contrast material.q RSNA, 2013

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“…To reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by cancer and many other diseases, endeavours spanning technological innovations in imaging systems to the development of nanoparticulate (NP) materials aim at improving clinical diagnosis and therapy planning. Numerous high-atomic-number agents have been investigated for X-ray imaging applications, such as bismuth [1], gold [2], platinum [3], tungsten [4], tantalum [5], hafnium [6], lutetium [7], ytterbium [8], erbium [9], holmium [10], osmium [10] and gadolinium [11]. Moreover, NP CT contrast agents proved to be promising in the context of molecular imaging owing to their higher diagnostic efficacy than current contrast agents [12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

K-edge ratio method for identification of multiple nanoparticulate contrast agents by spectral CT imaging

Ghadiri¹,

Ay²,

Shiran³

et al. 2013

BJR

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Objective: Recently introduced energy-sensitive X-ray CT makes it feasible to discriminate different nanoparticulate contrast materials. The purpose of this work is to present a K-edge ratio method for differentiating multiple simultaneous contrast agents using spectral CT. Methods: The ratio of two images relevant to energy bins straddling the K-edge of the materials is calculated using an analytic CT simulator. In the resulting parametric map, the selected contrast agent regions can be identified using a thresholding algorithm. The K-edge ratio algorithm is applied to spectral images of simulated phantoms to identify and differentiate up to four simultaneous and targeted CT contrast agents. Results: We show that different combinations of simultaneous CT contrast agents can be identified by the proposed K-edge ratio method when energy-sensitive CT is used. In the K-edge parametric maps, the pixel values for biological tissues and contrast agents reach a maximum of 0.95, whereas for the selected contrast agents, the pixel values are larger than 1.10. The number of contrast agents that can be discriminated is limited owing to photon starvation. For reliable material discrimination, minimum photon counts corresponding to 140 kVp, 100 mAs and 5-mm slice thickness must be used. Conclusion: The proposed K-edge ratio method is a straightforward and fast method for identification and discrimination of multiple simultaneous CT contrast agents. Advances in knowledge: A new spectral CT-based algorithm is proposed which provides a new concept of molecular CT imaging by non-iteratively identifying multiple contrast agents when they are simultaneously targeting different organs.Despite remarkable advances in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures during the past two decades, annual reports still indicate that cancer remains a challenging disease all over the world. To reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by cancer and many other diseases, endeavours spanning technological innovations in imaging systems to the development of nanoparticulate (NP) materials aim at improving clinical diagnosis and therapy planning. Numerous high-atomic-number agents have been investigated for X-ray imaging applications, such as bismuth [1] [11]. Moreover, NP CT contrast agents proved to be promising in the context of molecular imaging owing to their higher diagnostic efficacy than current contrast agents [12][13][14]. Targetability and high circulation time in vivo make it possible to use multiple contrast agents simultaneously and integrate multiple phases of diagnostic imaging in a single scan. This may decrease CT radiation dose, drug dose and diagnosis time, with higher sensitivity and specificity [12].Although the use of multiple high-atomic-number contrast agents may improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis, it would require differentiation of the contrast agents used simultaneously. However, owing to the wide range of atomic numbers and concentrations in the body, conventional CT that uses an integrating detection system is unlike...

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Potential of high‐Z contrast agents in clinical contrast‐enhanced computed tomography

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Nanoscale radiation transport and clinical beam modeling for gold nanoparticle dose enhanced radiotherapy (GNPT) using X-rays

Nanoscale radiation transport and clinical beam modeling for gold nanoparticle dose enhanced radiotherapy (GNPT) using X-rays

Extravasated Contrast Material in Penetrating Abdominopelvic Trauma: Dual-Contrast Dual-Energy CT for Improved Diagnosis—Preliminary Results in an Animal Model

K-edge ratio method for identification of multiple nanoparticulate contrast agents by spectral CT imaging

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