Potential of Gd-based nanocomposites (GdFeO₃) as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants: a review

Abstract

Gadolinium-based photocatalysts have gained interest in the past few years for their exceptional qualities and are currently being explored as potential photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants and environment restoration. This review paper presents an in-depth examination of the photo-catalytic capabilities of Gadolinium-based nanoparticles (Gd-NPs) and their wide range of applications in the treatment of wastewater and other pollutants. The production processes, optimization variables, modifying procedures, diverse applications, and anti-stokes-up transformation features of Gd-NPs (GdFeO3) have been discussed. Furthermore, it also intends to better understand the redox properties, charge transport, bandgap tenability, blemish management and harmful effects of Gd photocatalysts. The disadvantages of Gadolinium-based small particles remained reviewed and addressed with modified approaches. These findings of literature suggest that Gd-NPs, nano-composite material/heterojunctions, or upconversion nanomaterials are being intensively reported in literature as photocatalytic materials. As a whole, this study offers light on current breakthroughs in Gd-based nanomaterials in regard to their uses in pollution elimination, and to control over environmental pollution and toxicity.