Potential of Essential Oils as Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Administration of Ibuprofen to Treat Dysmenorrhoea

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare five essential oils (EOs) as penetration enhancers (PEs) to improve the transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of ibuprofen to treat dysmenorrhoea. The EOs were prepared using the steam distillation method and their chemical compositions were identified by GC-MS. The corresponding cytotoxicities were evaluated in epidermal keartinocyte HaCaT cell lines by an MTT assay. Furthermore, the percutaneous permeation studies were carried out to compare the permeation enhancement effect of EOs. Then the therapeutic efficacy of ibuprofen with EOs was evaluated using dysmenorrheal model mice. The data supports a decreasing trend of skin cell viability in which Clove oil >Angelica oil > Chuanxiong oil > Cyperus oil > Cinnamon oil >> Azone. Chuanxiong oil and Angelica oil had been proved to possess a significant permeation enhancement for TDD of ibuprofen. More importantly, the pain inhibitory intensity of ibuprofen hydrogel was demonstrated to be greater with Chuanxiong oil when compared to ibuprofen without EOs (p < 0.05). The contents of calcium ion and OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 18220 nitric oxide (NO) were also significantly changed after the addition of Chuanxiong oil (p < 0.05). In summary, we suggest that Chuanxiong oil should be viewed as the best PE for TDD of ibuprofen to treat dysmenorrhea.

Purification of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Essential Oil Using Macroporous Resin Followed by Microemulsion Encapsulation to Improve Its Safety and Antiviral Activity

“…Qualitative analysis was measured by both GC-MS and GC. Overall, there were nine compounds identified by comparing the obtained MS with those of the NIST library with matching degree ≥ 95% [ 36 ]. Then, hydrodistillation extracted HEO (HEHEO), crude HEO and pure HEO were further analyzed by GC.…”

The influence and mechanism of ligustilide, senkyunolide I, and senkyunolide A on echinacoside transport through MDCK‐MDR1 cells as blood–brain barrier in vitro model

“…Some plant essential oils could act as promoters to enhance drug permeation through skin (Chen et al, ; Yi, Yan, Tang, Huang, & Kang, ), gastrointestinal mucous membrane (Xiao, Chen, Ping, & Chen, ), nasal mucosa (Zhang et al, ), cornea (Huang, Bai, Yang, Liu, & Cui, ; Qi et al, ), and BBB (Chen et al, ). In this article LIG, SENA, and SENI in chuanxiong volatile oil, increased the transport amount of ECH to different degrees, and the prompting effect of SENI was the strongest.…”

Natural Permeation Enhancer for Transdermal Drug Delivery System and Permeation Evaluation: A Review

“…Essential oil is natural products which are extracted from aromatic plants having a concoction of a number of aromatic smelling volatile compounds, primarily consisting compounds such as terpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids [21]. They can be accepted as a natural alternative to synthetic skin penetration enhancer due to their promising penetration enhancing activity [22].…”