Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Abstract

This article reviews investigations in which Canna indica was utilized in constructed wetlands (CW) for wastewater treatment of a variety types. It is strongly urged that ornamental flowering plants be used in CWs as monoculture or mixed species to improve the appearance of CWs whilst still treating wastewater. Plants play important roles in CWs by giving the conditions for physical filtration of wastewater, a large specific surface area for microbial growth, and a source of carbohydrates for bacteria. They absorb nutrients and integrate them into plant tissues. They release oxygen into the substrate, establishing a zone in which aerobic microorganisms can thrive and chemical oxidation can occur. They also provide wildlife habitat and make wastewater treatment system more visually attractive. The selection of plant species for CW is an important aspect during the CW design process. Canna indica’s effectiveness in CWs has shown encouraging results for eliminating contaminants from wastewater. There is still a scarcity of information on the mechanisms involved in removal of specific contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, pesticides and steroids and their potential toxicity to the plants. Therefore, this paper reviews some published information about the performance of Canna indica in wastewater treatment, as well as potential areas for future research.

An Inventory of wetland plants with medicinal properties in Kenya

“…The use of roots for medicinal purpose also concur with studies conducted elsewhere in Africa including in Zimbabwe, (Maroyi, 2013) [27] , Nigeria (Sulaiman et al, 2022) [56] , Ethiopia (Zerabruk and Yirga, 2012; Teklay et al, 2013) [60,57] and Tanzania (Amri and Kisangau, 2012) [6] . Roots have been shown to have higher concentrations of active ingredients that are useful for medicinal purposes (Hussain et al, 2022; Karungamye, 2022) [19,22] . There are also several reports from regions of he African continents that use leaves frequently for herbal remedies (McGaw et al, 2022; Nigussie and Wale, 2022) [28,39] .…”

Revealing sustainable energy opportunities through the integrated use of Canna indica biomass and buffalo manure for biogas generation

“…Based on literature sources, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Cyperus papyrus are frequently employed in wetland areas. However, Canna indica is a promising candidate for use in engineered wetlands (Karungamye, 2022).…”