Potential of Azadirachta indica as a Capping Agent for Antiviral Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

Foka, Frank Eric Tatsing; Manamela, Nanabi; Mufamadi, Steven; Mufhandu, Hazel Tumelo

doi:10.1155/2022/5714035

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The 24,25 . As an outcome, it was concluded that these molecules could have a potential inhibitory effect on the 3 CL proenzyme, blocking the synthesis of 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp1-nsp16), which are necessary for replication of virus and thereby restricting viral survival in the host atmosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Docking Investigation of SARS- CoV-2’s Main Protease against Phytocomponents of Siddha Formulation Vishasura Kudineer

Nagarajan

Devi

Thillaivanan

et al. 2023

JNR

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Background: Covid-19 disease is a Wuhan, China originated acute viral respiratory illness. Even though the development of numerous vaccines, the threat of the Covid-19 virus endures nearly two years after the outbreak. The new mutant strain omicron has now spread to several countries. As a result, newer antiviral therapy is required to overcome this scenario. Objective: This study is aimed at phytocomponents in the Siddha formulation, Vishasura Kudineer (VSK), it is widely used to manage fever and respiratory ailments and may be effective in combating the ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus disease. Methodology: The principal protease 3CLpro of this new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a possible focus for therapeutic development since it plays a major part in disease transmission. Molecular docking investigation for all active Phytocomponents found in the Siddha formulation Vishasura Kudineer with possible targets was carried in the major Protease of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID:6LU7). AutoDockTools was used to design and optimize the ligand structures. Results: Molecular docking of the 9 bioactive phytocomponents as Santalic acids (-6.39), Nimbolide (-6.38), Rutin, Aristolochic acid (-6.95), Glabridin (-7.53), Indirubin (-7.23), Sabinene (-5.36), β-vetivenene (-6.79), and Zingiberene (-6.47) from in the Siddha sastric formulation, Vishasura Kudineer performed on the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease protein’s active site (PDB ID: 6LU7). These phytochemicals had significant molecular interaction with the active residues, indicating their distinct inhibitory potencies. Conclusion: Whether this Siddha formulation could be used to effectively treat and manage COVID-19 and its variants, further research and clinical studies need to be done.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Docking Investigation of SARS- CoV-2’s Main Protease against Phytocomponents of Siddha Formulation Vishasura Kudineer

Nagarajan

Devi

Thillaivanan

et al. 2023

JNR

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“…As described previously, the “Problem, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study type (PICOS)” procedure was used to formulate the study question [ 12 ]. We considered clinical and preclinical trial studies, clinical reviews, computational investigations, experimental studies, and epidemiological surveys, as well as hypothetical and theoretical studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current ARTs, Virologic Failure, and Implications for AIDS Management: A Systematic Review

Foka

Mufhandu

2023

Viruses

Self Cite

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Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly improved patient outcomes, and reduced the mortality rate and incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, despite the remarkable efficacy of ART, virologic failure remains a challenge in the long-term management of HIV-infected individuals. Virologic failure refers to the persistent detectable viral load in patients receiving ART, indicating an incomplete suppression of HIV replication. It can occur due to various factors, including poor medication adherence, drug resistance, suboptimal drug concentrations, drug interactions, and viral factors such as the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In recent years, extensive efforts have been made to understand and address virologic failure in order to optimize treatment outcomes. Strategies to prevent and manage virologic failure include improving treatment adherence through patient education, counselling, and supportive interventions. In addition, the regular monitoring of viral load and resistance testing enables the early detection of treatment failure and facilitates timely adjustments in ART regimens. Thus, the development of novel antiretroviral agents with improved potency, tolerability, and resistance profiles offers new options for patients experiencing virologic failure. However, new treatment options would also face virologic failure if not managed appropriately. A solution to virologic failure requires a comprehensive approach that combines individualized patient care, robust monitoring, and access to a range of antiretroviral drugs.

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“…Effectively high binding affinity have demonstrated for the COVID 3CL protease through molecular docking [ 74 ]. Nanoparticles derived from herbal sources like Azadirachta indica (neem plant) can be act as potential anti-SARS-COV-2 nanoformulation [ 75 ].…”

Section: Antiviral Nanotherapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotheranostics: Special Focus on Preventing Emerging Variants of SARS-COV-2

Mukherjee

Manna

Som

et al. 2023

Biomedical Materials & Devices

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The worldwide emerging cases of various respiratory viral diseases and the current escalation of novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) make people considerably attentive to controlling these viruses through innovative methods. Most re-emerging respiratory diseases envelop RNA viruses that employ attachment between the virus and host cell to get an entry form using the host cell machinery. Emerging variants of COVD-19 also bring about a constant threat to public health as it has wide infectivity and can quickly spread to infect humans. This review focuses on insights into the current investigations to prevent the progression of incipient variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) along with similar enveloped RNA viruses that cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. Nanotheranostics is a trailblazing arena of nanomedicine that simultaneously helps prevent or treat diseases and diagnoses. Nanoparticle coating and nanofibers were extensively explored, preventing viral contaminations. Several studies have proven the virucidal activities of metal nanoparticles like copper, silver, and titanium against respiratory viral pathogens. Worldwide many researchers have shown surfaces coated with ionic nanoparticles like zinc or titanium act as potent antiviral agents against RNA viruses. Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric and metallic nanoparticles have also been explored in the field of nanotheranostics in viral detection. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed different types of metallic, ionic, organic nanoparticles and their hybrids showing substantial antiviral properties to stop the progression of the novel coronavirus disease focused on three key classes: prevention, diagnostics, and treatment.

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Potential of Azadirachta indica as a Capping Agent for Antiviral Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

A Molecular Docking Investigation of SARS- CoV-2’s Main Protease against Phytocomponents of <i>Siddha</i> Formulation <i>Vishasura Kudineer</i>

A Molecular Docking Investigation of SARS- CoV-2’s Main Protease against Phytocomponents of <i>Siddha</i> Formulation <i>Vishasura Kudineer</i>

Current ARTs, Virologic Failure, and Implications for AIDS Management: A Systematic Review

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotheranostics: Special Focus on Preventing Emerging Variants of SARS-COV-2

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