“…Fibrin increases the hydrophilicity of synthetic substrates, which improves cell adhesion and reduces cell loss during seeding but does not directly enhance cellular infiltration. Alternatively, fibrin cell carriers encapsulate cells and enable them to be dispersed throughout the substrate (Ahmed et al, 2015; Foroushani et al, 2021; Li et al, 2015; Mishan et al, 2022). For example, fibrin cell carriers have improved substrate cellularization in leaflet (Saidy et al, 2019) heart valve (Dijkman et al, 2012; Mol et al, 2005; Motta et al, 2019), corneal (Foroushani et al, 2021; Mishan et al, 2022), retinal (Soleimannejad et al, 2018), muscle (Liu et al, 2013), and bone (Chen et al, 2012) substrates for tissue engineering.…”