Potential Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Compounds for Treating Infectious Diseases: A Literature Review

Abstract

Heterocyclic compounds are considered as one of the major and most diverse family of organic compounds. Nowadays, the demand for these compounds is increasing day-by-day due to their enormous synthetic and biological applications. These heterocyclic compounds have unique antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. This review covers the antibacterial activity of different heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen moiety. Some of the derivatives of these compounds show excellent antibacterial activity, while others show reasonable activity against bacterial strains. This review paper aims to bring and discuss the detailed information on the antibacterial activity of various nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds. It will be helpful for the future evolution of diseases to synthesize new and effective drug molecules.

Synthesis of a Series of Quinoxaline Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Effectiveness Against Pathogenic Bacteria

“…These nitrogen-based heterocyclic derivatives are known for their natural occurrence, remarkable druglike characteristics, and relative ease of synthesis. [1][2][3] They have been extensively studied and have shown potential as as analgesics, [4,5] anticancer agents, [6,7] antiviral agents, [8,9] antimicrobial agents, [10,11] anticonvulsants [12,13] and antidiabetics. [14,15] Moreover, quinoxaline derivatives have been used as synthetic antibiotics, exemplified by echinomycin and triostin A, which have demonstrated their efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria.…”

“…Quinoxaline derivatives have attracted considerable attention in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmaceutical applications. These nitrogen‐based heterocyclic derivatives are known for their natural occurrence, remarkable drug‐like characteristics, and relative ease of synthesis [1–3] . They have been extensively studied and have shown potential as as analgesics, [4,5] anticancer agents, [6,7] antiviral agents, [8,9] antimicrobial agents, [10,11] anticonvulsants [12,13] and antidiabetics [14,15] .…”

Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of Acyclic Monoterpene Aldehyde with Diamines: Studies on Antimicrobial and in Vivo Evaluation of Zebrafish

“…The benzimidazole derivatives find use in potential medicines in several healing classes, including anti‐microbial, and different veterinary applications. Further, benzimidazoles are significant intermediates in synthetic routes, which has caused a huge amount of research on their synthesis to emerge [17] . Many attempts have been made to create benzimidazole derivatives in this context.…”

“…Further, benzimidazoles are significant intermediates in synthetic routes, which has caused a huge amount of research on their synthesis to emerge. [17] Many attempts have been made to create benzimidazole derivatives in this context. Due to the rise in bacterial resistance, there has been much interest in developing a novel category of antimicrobial substances that are efficient against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, as well as fungi C. albicans using the discdiffusion method.…”

Design of new zwitterionic microparticles with intrinsic antibacterial activity

“…[2][3][4] In this context, the nitrogen heterocyclic compounds have gained special attention during the last years due to their numerous applications as drugs with different pharmaceutical activities (anticancer, anti-HIV, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antitubercular, antiviral, antipyretic and antimicrobial activities), corrosion inhibitors, dyes, cosmetics, and agrochemicals. [5][6][7][8] Among the nitrogen heterocyclic compounds family, the N-vinylimidazole represents an interesting vinyl monomer that can participate in radical polymerization reactions leading to polymeric materials with biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial properties, and protein adsorption ability. [9][10][11] Also, its tertiary nitrogen atom can participate in substitution or addition reactions with different betainizing agents, resulting in the preparation of polymers with betaine structure.…”