Potential Nitrate Reduction Rates in Marine Mangrove Sediments in the Lesser Antilles

Abstract

Mangrove sediments are generally nitrogen limited, with nitrate reduction to ammonium instead of denitrification in these sediments, resulting in nitrogen retention rather than nitrogen elimination. The goal of this work was to investigate the potential for nitrate reduction in marine mangrove sediments along a canal impacted by anthropogenic activity (Guadeloupe, West Indies) as a function of increased nitrogen load and how this would change nitrate transformation rates. In addition to that, the impact of the organic carbon load and the hydraulic retention time was assessed as factors affecting nitrate reduction rates. Potential nitrate reduction rates in the sediments along the canal, in the presence of indigenous organic carbon, ranged from 126 to 379 nmol cm‑3 h-1 generally increasing upon increasing supplied nitrate. The potential for nitrate reduction increased significantly with the addition of mangrove leaves, whereas the addition of simple, easily degradable carbon (acetate), resulted in an almost five-fold increase in nitrate reduction rates. The hydraulic retention time also had an impact on the nitrate reducing capacity due to an increased contact time between nitrate and the benthic microbial community. Marine mangrove sediments have a high potential to mitigate nitrogen pollution, mainly governed by the presence of large amounts of degradable carbon in the form of litter. The hydraulic retention time as tested experimentally that can be extrapolated to the time of inundation of the mangrove sediments may increase the potential for nitrate reduction. Whereas the sediments are daily exposed to a small tidal effect, increased water retention could increase the nitrogen elimination potential in these mangrove sediments.

Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia

“…This showed that the growth of mangrove vegetation cannot be optimal if the nitrate level in the waters is too high. Nitrogen is a nutrient for the growth and development of aquatic organisms (Laverman et al 2021).…”